Economic menace of diabetes in India: a systematic review

Baldi

2021

Int. J. Clin. Pract.

The coexistence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN) worsens clinical outcomes and contributes to increased morbidity and mortality. 1 Both DM and HTN are important risk factors for cerebrovascular disease, heart failure and coronary artery disease (CAD). 2 Hypertension is a prevalent comorbid condition in diabetes, affecting ∼20% to 60% of patients with diabetes, depending on obesity, ethnicity and age. 2 Both DM and HTN present considerable challenges in developing countries like India. 3 The presence of hypertension, particularly with diabetes mellitus leading to target organ damage and associated with renal disease risk, substantially increases the risk of (CVDs) cardiovascular risk disease. 4 CVDs are the leading causes of death as of 2015. In 2012, it claimed that an

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confidence: 40%

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Economic costs of hospitalisation and length of stay in diabetes with coexisting hypertension with correlation to laboratory investigations: Where does India stand? A 5‐year ground report

Baldi

2021

Int. J. Clin. Pract.

Annals of Neurosciences

“…4 Over 400 papers have been published over the past 20 years. 5 The cost of diabetes therapy increases linearly along with the duration of the disease. 6 The average life-time cost of all drugs used in diabetes management is estimated at ` 19,45,135.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cost of Management of Diabetes Mellitus: A Pan India Study

Nagarathna

Madhava

Patil

et al. 2020

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a major noncommunicable disease. While mortality rates are increasing, the costs of managing the disease are also increasing. The all-India average monthly expenditure per person (pppm) is reported to be ₹ 1,098.25, which translates to an annual expenditure of ₹13,179 per person. Purpose: While a number of studies have gone into the aspect of the cost of disease management, we do not find any study which has pan-India reach. We also do not find studies that focus on differences (if any) between rural and urban areas, age or on the basis of gender. We planned to report the cost of illness (COI) in diabetes individuals as compared to others from the data of a pan-India trial. Methods: Government of India commissioned the Indian Yoga Association to study the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in India in 2017. As part of the questionnaire, the cost of treatment was also captured. Data collected from 25 states and union territories were analyzed using the analysis of covriance (ANCOVA) test on SPSS version 21. Results: There was a significant difference ( P < .05) between the average expenses per person per month (pppm) of individuals with self-reported known diabetes (₹1,357.65 pppm) and others (unknown and/or nondiabetes individuals–₹ 999.91 pppm). Similarly, there was a significant difference between rural (₹2,893 pppm) and urban (₹4,162 pppm) participants and between those below (₹1,996 pppm) and above 40 years (₹5,059 pppm) of age. Conclusion: This preliminary report has shown that the COI because of diabetes is significantly higher than others pointing to an urgent need to promote disease-preventive measures.

J of Consumer Behaviour

Factors limiting the application of consumer neuroscience: A systematic review

Kansra

Oberoi

Gupta

et al. 2022

Self Cite

Neuromarketing is perceived as burgeoning innovation in marketing research which facilitates understanding consumer behaviour and decision‐making. Given this potential, still, most enterprises resist implementing neuromarketing techniques. Therefore, this study aims to identify the determinants that limits the application of neuromarketing. An extensive literature review was performed on databases such as Emerald, Jstor, Sage, Scopus and Web of Science. The inclusion criteria are grounded upon the ‘Population Intervention Comparison Outcome Study’ procedure and articles restricted to the English language, published between 2007 and July 2022 and indexed under peer‐reviewed journals. A total of 36 research articles are included and not even a single study was obtained from Mediterranean & Middle East. Sixteen key determinants were acknowledged under the subcategory of psychological and operational variables as presented in the conceptual framework. These identified variables trigger psychological and operation constraints in decision making, thereby limiting the application of neuromarketing decisions. This study directs the need for a general level of cognizance and acknowledgment about neuromarketing, further developing the innovation culture in business corporates and affiliate marketing research needs to neuromarketing techniques.