Economic Scheduling of Residential Plug-In (Hybrid) Electric Vehicle (PHEV) Charging

Abstract

Abstract:In the past decade, plug-in (hybrid) electric vehicles (PHEVs) have been widely proposed as a viable alternative to internal combustion vehicles to reduce fossil fuel emissions and dependence on petroleum. Off-peak vehicle charging is frequently proposed to reduce the stress on the electric power grid by shaping the load curve. Time of use (TOU) rates have been recommended to incentivize PHEV owners to shift their charging patterns. Many utilities are not currently equipped to provide real-time use rates to their customers, but can provide two or three staggered rate levels. To date, an analysis of the optimal number of levels and rate-duration of TOU rates for a given consumer demographic versus utility generation mix has not been performed. In this paper, we propose to use the U.S. National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) database as a basis to analyze typical PHEV energy requirements. We use Monte Carlo methods to model the uncertainty inherent in battery state-of-charge and trip duration. We conclude the paper with an analysis of a different TOU rate schedule proposed by a mix of U.S. utilities. We introduce a centralized scheduling strategy for PHEV charging using a genetic algorithm to accommodate the size and complexity of the optimization.

Impact of Plug-in Electric Vehicles Integrated into Power Distribution System Based on Voltage-Dependent Power Flow Analysis

“…Consequently, the PEVs can reduce the impact from charging mode at the same time or in the same power transmission line by using V2G technology and in combination with smart grid control [1,[13][14][15][16][17]. The smart grid control concept is needed to manage all the relevant areas in optimal condition such as power sources, transmission system, distribution system, user benefits, and economics [18][19][20]. Moreover, fast charging station in urban dwelling areas can be impacted by the electrical power system under conditions of voltage drop, transmission line loading, transformer loading, peak demand, and increase of total power loss [21,22].…”

Impact of Plug<strong>-</strong>in Electric Vehicles Integrated into Power Distribution System based on Voltage Dependent Power Flow

“…Step 12: Calculate the final voltage at each bus, LVD and the total power loss from (13), (22), and (23).…”

“…Consequently, the PEVs can be reduced the impact from charging mode in same time or in same power transmission line by using the V2G technology and combined with smart grids control [1,[16][17][18][19][20][21]. The smart grids control concept are need to manage in optimal condition all relevance; such as power sources, transmission system, distribution system, user benefits and economics [22][23][24]. Therefore, optimization techniques are applying to find the optimal solution any problems that effected from PEVs increasing and high consume the energy power from the electrical power system networks [11,[25][26][27].…”

“…www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 17 May 2018 doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0241.v1The active and reactive power in the transmission line section are connecting buses k and 1The power loss from a transmission line consists of active and reactive. Therefore, the total active power loss   power system are using summarize the losses of all transmission line in the system, which are given as(22) …”

Research on an Electric Vehicle Owner-Friendly Charging Strategy Using Photovoltaic Generation at Office Sites in Major Chinese Cities

“…At present, the National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) [28] is widely used to describe EV owners' charging behavior in many studies [29][30][31][32]. However, the provided EV drivers' travel behavior is different from that observed in major Chinese cities [25].…”