Economic Viability of Extracting High Value Metals from End of Life Vehicles

Arnold, Mona; Pohjalainen, Elina; Steger, Sören; Kaerger, Wolfgang; Welink, Jan-Henk

doi:10.3390/su13041902

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The environmental effects of ELV will grow in tandem with the advancement of the automotive sector [16,17]. When abandoned vehicles began to cause considerable problems in European countries (EU), automobile recycling began to gain traction, and this problem was remedied when the crusher machine was built [18][19][20]. This equipment is used to smash the vehicle's hulk in order to retrieve the metal content.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Public Perception Toward End-of-Life Vehicles (ELV) Management in Indonesia

Sitinjak¹,

Ismail²,

Bantu³

et al. 2022

IJSDP

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An ELV is a vehicle that has reached the end of its service life or service due to age or because it is unable to be used due to a catastrophic accident and high repair costs. The current methods of destroying ELV vehicles are unregistered, disassembly, destruction, and disassembly. Each procedure must adhere to predetermined guidelines. The purpose of this study is to conduct a survey of dietary knowledge about end-of-life vehicles (ELVs) in Indonesia. As a result, the purpose of this research is to learn about ELV laws and their implementation in countries that have done so successfully, as well as to learn about public perception of ELV application in Indonesia. A literature search of ELV laws in neighboring countries was conducted, as well as a survey of 98 respondents in Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi. SPSS was used to analyze the survey results. The questions in this study were divided into four sections: respondents' backgrounds; knowledge of ELV; concerns about ELV; and ELV campaigns. The findings revealed that public awareness of the use of ELV was quite low. In general, it can be concluded that the application of ELV in Indonesia needs to be carefully studied before it is implemented in order for it to be accepted by the public. Additionally, more ELV-related campaigns are required to increase the knowledge and awareness of the Indonesian people.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Public Perception Toward End-of-Life Vehicles (ELV) Management in Indonesia

Sitinjak¹,

Ismail²,

Bantu³

et al. 2022

IJSDP

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“…ELV economy analysis Arnold et al (2021) examined the economic viability of dismantling and the impact of multiple factors on extracting electronic components from ELV for high value-added recycling. The costefficiency assessment reviewed all the 18 priority components, and the effect of factors can be used to explicitly focus on the individual component for a more in-depth study.…”

Section: Elv Part Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supply chain optimisation for recycling and remanufacturing sustainable management in end-of-life vehicles: A mini-review and classification

et al. 2022

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End-of-life vehicles (ELV) management is becoming a global concern in the automotive industry. However, there is still limited study on supply chain optimisation that focusses on specific ELV treatments. Therefore, this mini-review article analyses the supply chain optimisation for recycling and remanufacturing sustainable management in ELV. A total of 51 papers were reviewed from the year 2016 to 2021. The key topics in each article were assessed and classified into various themes, followed by the content analysis. The percentage breakdown for the six main themes are ELV recovery management system (37.25%), reverse logistic network design (29.41%), ELV economy analysis (15.69%), government regulation or subsidies (7.84%), ELV quantity forecast (5.88%) and ELV part design (3.92%). It can be concluded that ELV recovery management and reverse logistic network design are the top two key focusses of supply chain optimisation priorities that have been extensively applied to improve ELV development. The literature gap has shown that the study on remanufacturing in the ELV supply chain is minimal compared to recycling. The classification of ELV recycling and remanufacturing supply chain optimisation in this study will be beneficial in supporting real-life problem-solving for industrial applications. This study serves as a valuable reference guide to identifying more sustainable solutions in ELV management and promoting the critical focus area for academicians and industry players.

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“…With BEVs, the current Li-based systems do not require Pt, but its use would improve efficiency of the anode (hydrogen dissociation) and cathode (oxygen reduction reaction (O 2 + 4e − +4H + → 2H 2 O (four electron pathway)) and thereby overall efficiency [132,133]. With the increasing technology and automation of driving embedded into modern light vehicles, there is also an increase in the amount of PGM in the electronics and electrics [134]. In fact, this is not confined to the PGMs.…”

Section: Auto-catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In digital technology, hard disk recycling has not yet peaked [25], and mobile phone recycling is also still immature [72], indicating that increased recovery from these sources may be possible in the future. For vehicles, there are emerging assessments of the value of the cyclic economy, but price of the PGMs will play a critical role [134,200]. Some analysis of recycling of Pd and Pt from PCBs and oxygen sensors in vehicles has also been performed [134].…”

Section: Recycling/secondary Supplymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Platinum Group Metals: A Review of Resources, Production and Usage with a Focus on Catalysts

et al. 2021

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The major applications of PGMs are as catalysts in automotive industry, petroleum refining, environmental (gas remediation), industrial chemical production (e.g., ammonia production, fine chemicals), electronics, and medical fields. As the next generation energy technologies for hydrogen production, such as electrolysers and fuel cells for stationary and transport applications, become mature, the demand for PGMs is expected to further increase. Reserves and annual production of Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir, and Pt have been determined and reported. Based on currently available resources, there is around 200 years lifetime based on current demand for all PGMs, apart from Pd, which may be closer to 100 years. Annual primary production of 190 t/a for Pt and 217 t/a for Pd, in combination with recycling of 65.4 t/a for Pt and 97.2 t/a for Pd, satisfies current demand. By far, the largest demand for PGMs is for all forms of catalysis, with the largest demand in auto catalysis. In fact, the biggest driver of demand and price for Pt, Pd, and Rh, in particular, is auto emission regulation, which has driven auto-catalyst design. Recovery of PGMs through recycling is generally good, but some catalytic processes, particularly auto-catalysis, result in significant dissipation. In the US, about 70% of the recycling stream from the end-of-life vehicles is a significant source of global secondary PGMs recovered from spent auto-catalyst. The significant use of PGMs in the large global auto industry is likely to continue, but the long-term transition towards electric vehicles will alter demand profiles.

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Economic Viability of Extracting High Value Metals from End of Life Vehicles

Cited by 14 publications

References 6 publications

Study of Public Perception Toward End-of-Life Vehicles (ELV) Management in Indonesia

Study of Public Perception Toward End-of-Life Vehicles (ELV) Management in Indonesia

Supply chain optimisation for recycling and remanufacturing sustainable management in end-of-life vehicles: A mini-review and classification

Platinum Group Metals: A Review of Resources, Production and Usage with a Focus on Catalysts

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