“…Recently, the meta-heuristic methods have received considerable attention. The TEP problem has been solved using genetic algorithms (GAs) [24,4], game theory [25], evolutionary algorithms [26], fuzzy approach [27], simulated annealing (SA) [23], particle swarm optimization (PSO) [26,3], evolutionary particle swarm optimization (EPSO) [28], discrete evolutionary particle swarm optimization (DEPSO) [29] and ant colony optimization [26].…”