Economy analysis of the implementation of extruded tiles fabrication in a ceramic industry containing ornamental rock waste

Abstract

As a result of the economic crisis faced in Brazil, industries in the red ceramic sector have economic problems. The objective of this work was to evaluate, technologically and economically, through analysis of economy, the implementation of the production of ceramic tiles, a material with higher added value than bricks and ceramic blocks, in a ceramic industry located in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The ceramic tiles were produced containing the incorporation of ornamental rock waste (ORW). The state has a region that has a red ceramic pole, but produces only products with lower added value. For this, specimens were produced with four different ceramic masses burned at temperatures in the range of 800 to 1050°C. Three masses were produced with different clays from the region (ceramic mass 1, 2 and 3) and a ceramic mass 4 was evaluated containing the clay that presented the best results and with the inclusion of sand and ORW, aiming at the analysis of economy. It was found that the masses containing only clays showed satisfactory parameters of resistance, but showed deficiencies in water absorption. The fourth mass, however, presented acceptable values in all the evaluated properties and was chosen to carry out a full‐scale industrial test, which enabled the development of economic analysis and an economic analysis using the theory of real options. The results obtained in this last stage were also positive, providing an internal rate of return of 16.82%, above the minimum practiced rate of 15%, proving the efficiency of the economy applied to the manufacture of extruded tiles in the industries of the study region.

Cadena de suministro en las empresas peruanas Adaptabilidad de los procesos logístico

“…The proliferation of the COVID-19 pandemic brought consequences to the world economy, primarily on productive activities, domestic and foreign trade, and increased unemployment (International Air Transport Association, 2021). The health crisis declared worldwide affected the usual operations of the world economies (Coelho de Azevedo et al, 2021). The most acute economic crisis of capitalism since 1930 came to be through direct impacts on industrial sectors and organizational realities (Bárcena and Cimoli, 2020).…”

Manufacturing Epoxy and Polyurethane-based Artificial Stones from Waste Glass of Colorless Beverage Packaging

“…Stone wastes have the potential to impair water, soil, and population health, and, if dumped into landfills. This material is put into better use if it is employed in the manufacturing of other products, such as ceramic [4][5][6] , cement composites 7-9, and other materials 10 leading to economic and sustainable advantages 11 .…”

Red Ceramics Produced with Primary Processing Fine Waste of Ornamental Stones According to the Circular Economy Model

“…Recent studies show that ornamental stone wastes may contain in their composition the presence of microcline, anorthoclase, and biotite; these minerals form a liquid phase in the sintering during firing, which fills the voids of the ceramic piece and thus improves its performance flexural strength [15]. The application of the waste also contributes to reducing the water absorption of ceramic artifacts, this contributes to better resistance and reduces the possibility of cracks and cracks in ceramic pieces [16,17]. Therefore, it is essential to study even more about the incorporation of ornamental stone waste in red ceramic artifacts due to the fact that the properties of red ceramic can be improved.…”