Ecophysiological comportment of the tropical CAM‐tree <i>Clusia</i> in the field

Ball, E. D.; Hann, J.; Kluge, Manfred; Lee, H. S. J.; Lüttge, Ulrich; Orthen, Birgit; Popp, Marianne; Schmitt, Andreas K.; Ting, Irwin P.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1991.tb00012.x

Cited by 58 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In Clusia soluble sugars and starch contributed to the formation of malate and citrate (Popp et al, 1987;Ball et aL, 1991), although rhe apparent contribution of starch is somewhat higher in our case. Similar results were found for Ananas comosus (Black, Carnal & Kenyon, 1982).…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 42%

“…The discovery of CAM in tropical (Franco, Bali & Liittge, 1991 ; Haag-Kerwer, Franco trees of the genus Clusia (Tinoco Ojanguren & & Liittge, 1992). There is some evidence that C. Vasquez-Yanez, 1983) raised some interesting ques-minor and C. rosea can show this range in CO^ uptake tions about its ecological importance in this genus, patterns in the field (Ting et al, 1987;Ball et al, 1991;Borland ef a/., 1992 importance of CAM in Clusia is even more critical because of some evidence of the presence of C3 and CAM species of Clusia within the same habitat (Ting etal, 1987), Here, the questions to be answered are (1) within a single habitat where several species of Clusia cooccur, is there a convergence of physiological behaviour, or are both the C^ and CAM strategies equally successful ? (2) What are the implications of the C.J vs. CAM strategies on the nutritional status, carbon and water economy of the species involved ?…”

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confidence: 99%

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In situ studies of Crassulacean acid metabolism in several sympatric species of tropical trees of the genus Clusia

et al. 1994

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SUMMARYThe genus Clusia is characterized by the presence of C^,. C^-CAM and CAM species growing sympatrically in many areas of the neotropics. The aim of this study was to investigate the photosynthetic behaviour of such sympatric species, and the effect that differences in photosynthetic metabolism and light levels have on their leaf characteristics, nutritional status, carbon and water economy. In the two field sites in Northern Venezuela, the apparent Cg C. multifiora had the lowest leaf water content, leaf dry weight, N and P levels, when compared with the four other Clusia species that showed CAM activity, as tneasured by dawn/dusk changes in malate levels. Respiratory CO^ recycling probably accounted for 19 to 76 "^ of nocturnal malate accumulation in the species with CAM activity. The measured fi'' ' C values of C. minor were similar to values of a C^ plant, although ahout half of the COj uptake from the atmosphere occurred during night-time. Under these conditions, C multiflora had larger carbon gain and lower night-time respiration rates than C. minor in spite of a lower water use efficiency. Light levels affected leaf concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and chlorophyll, as well as leaf water content and leaf dry weight of both species. Sun-exposed leaves of both species had higher night-time respiration rates than shade leaves. Leaves of C. minor under full sun exposure had a higher proportion of their total net CO^ uptake during daytime compared with shaded or partly shaded leaves, although night-time citrate and malate accumulation were depressed. However, even under these conditions, the daylight decarboxylation of both acids could potentially maintain substantial photosynthetic rates during the midday stomatal closure period that characterizes CAM plants. Soluble sugars and starch are apparently the precursors of night-time citrate and tnalate synthesis. The predominant utilization of soluble sugars for the formation of both organic acids moderated large dawn/dusk changes in vacuotar osmotic pressure.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 42%

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confidence: 99%

In situ studies of Crassulacean acid metabolism in several sympatric species of tropical trees of the genus Clusia

et al. 1994

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“…5). It occurred mainly during the night, with rates similar to those of other CAM plants studied in the field (Luttge et al, 1986;Ball et al, 1991;Griffiths et al, 1989). Some CO^.…”

Section: Water Relations and Gas Exchange In Droughted And Irrigated mentioning

confidence: 88%

In situ studies of crassulacean acid metabolism in Kalanchoë beharensis Drake Del Castillo, a plant of the semi‐arid southern region of Madagascar

Kluge

Razanoelisoa

Brulfert³

1992

New Phytologist

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summary The first comprehensive field study has been conducted of crassulacean acid metabolism in a Kalanchoë species, namely K. beharensis Drake Del Castillo, a plant of the flora of the semi‐arid southern part of Madagascar. The study includes measurements of diel patterns of CO2 exchange and transpiration, and of fluctuations in organic acid levels, PEP carboxylase properties and water relations. In contrast to the other Kalanchoë species studied so far, the CAM behaviour of K. beharensis is very uniform. Regardless of whether the plants were naturally droughted for several months or had received 6 wk of daily watering, CO2 uptake was quantitatively the same and occurred entirely during the night. Watering also had no effect on the amplitude of the diel fluctuation of titratable acidity. The fluctuating citrate level was somewhat higher in the droughted plants. The data on PEP carboxylase indicate a diel change between an active night‐form and a less active day‐form of the enzyme known already from other CAM plants studied in the laboratory. Experiments with leaves kept in situ artificially darkened during the day revealed that the onset of deacidification was under the control of an external stimulus, presumably of temperature. In the CAM performing leaves, neither water status nor seasons were associated with significant differences in leaf water potential, osmotic pressure and turgor pressure. The lower amplitude of titratable acidity found during the dry season is presumably more due to suboptimal night temperatures during this time than to plant water relations. Altogether, the study shows that K. beharensis is capable of maintaining the full CAM performance throughout the entire arid seasons, and thus avoids CAM idling. It is assumed that this advantageous behaviour is based on the capability to maintain appropriate water status in the photosyntheticaily active leaves even during long‐lasting drought. This capability is due, on the one hand, to minimization of transpiration by the extreme CAM mode, accompanied by very low cuticular transpiration, and on the other hand due to water transfer from the older leaves which then wilt and are shed.

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“…Gas exchange measurements, as described in Ball et al, (1991), were performed at two sites at the south coast, namely sites 1 and 2 at Lameshur Bay, about 1.5 m above sea level and at two sites on Bordeaux Mountain, site 1 about 330 m and site 2 about 365 m (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although it is not naturally abundant at low elevation near the drier southern shore of the island it still physiologically performs well there (see also Ball et al, 1991). This highly adaptable plant which also grows fast and propagates well from cuttings or tissue culture in our glasshouses in the temperate zone, may be a good choice of a pioneer for reclamation and amenity planting of partially devastated tropical areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecophysiological comportment of the tropical CAM‐tree Clusia in the field

et al. 1991

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summary Clusia rosea Jacq. is abundant in the moist parts of the Caribbean island of St John (US Virgin Islands, Lesser Antilles) but relatively rare along the dry south coast. Three types of seedlings were encountered, terrestrial seedlings, seedlings growing as humus‐epiphytes on other trees, and seedlings growing inside the tanks of the bromeliad Aechmea lingulata (L.) Baker. Free‐living trees grow from terrestrial seedlings or from epiphytic seedlings strangling and shading their host trees. Leaf‐Na+ levels were always low (1–4 mequiv I−1 tissue water); trees close to the shore were not affected by salinity. In leaves of mature C. rosea trees, levels of Ca2+, Mg2+ and K+ were about 60–90, 40–50, 45–55 mequiv I−1 tissue water, respectively. Epiphytic seedlings tended to contain lower levels of these inorganic cations than seedlings growing terrestrially or in the tanks of Ae. lingulata. Epiphytic seedlings contained significantly less nitrogen than terrestrial seedlings. In the leaves of mature trees N‐levels were independent of altitude and location on the island, but shaded leaves had significantly higher N‐levels than exposed leaves. Light compensation point of photosynthesis in epiphytic seedlings performing C3‐photosynthesis was 17–5 (μmol photons m−2 s−1), photosynthesis was saturated at about 300μmol photons m−2 s−1 showing a maximum rate of CO2‐uptake of 2–3 μmol m−2 s−1.

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Ecophysiological comportment of the tropical CAM‐tree Clusia in the field

Cited by 58 publications

References 29 publications

In situ studies of Crassulacean acid metabolism in several sympatric species of tropical trees of the genus Clusia

In situ studies of Crassulacean acid metabolism in several sympatric species of tropical trees of the genus Clusia

In situ studies of crassulacean acid metabolism in Kalanchoë beharensis Drake Del Castillo, a plant of the semi‐arid southern region of Madagascar

Ecophysiological comportment of the tropical CAM‐tree Clusia in the field

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