Ecotourism governance and protected areas sustainability in Cameroon: The case of Campo Ma'an National Park

Forje, Gadinga Walter; Tchamba, Martin Ngankam

doi:10.1016/j.crsust.2022.100172

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Third, we find that MPA governance faces many challenges partially related to a complex institutional and legal framework, difficulties to adapt to changes, a wide range of stakeholders involved, and social-natural relations. Several studies identified that a fair and effective collaborative governance model can enhance positive socio-economic benefits to the community through ecotourism (Keyim, 2018;Forje and Tchamba, 2022). From the articles analyzed, most governance models when defined, do not consider the component of natural capital appreciation, and it makes it look as if governance and management models of MPA might not be in line with the product of ecotourism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecotourism in Marine Protected Areas as a tool to valuate natural capital and enhance good marine governance: A review

et al. 2023

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Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are essential to reach the UN Ocean’s Decade challenges and the Sustainable Development Goal 14 (life bellow water – conserve coastal and marine areas), and their crucial role for the health of the planet was highlighted in the United Nations Ocean Conference. However, often these MPA’s are no more than Paper Parks, with poor financial and human resources, thus lacking effectiveness. Moreover, they frequently trigger conflicts with local communities, by imposing restrictions to their activities with no alternative or compensations, causing serious governance inefficiencies. Thus, within the UN Oceans Decade, MPA’s must face simultaneously three of the challenges: Protect and restore ecosystems and biodiversity (Challenge 2); Develop a sustainable and equitable ocean economy (Challenge 4) and Change humanity’s relationship with the ocean (Challenge 10). To address those challenges, it becomes clear that management models of MPA’s had to find ways to value natural capital and, at the same time, involve local communities and stakeholders in the governance processes. The conservation of biodiversity has both direct and indirect economic benefits for many sectors of the economy, namely tourism, being ecotourism considered one of the segments particularly adequate to value natural capital. Ecotourism, defined as “environmentally responsible travel and visitation to relatively undisturbed natural areas”, to enjoy and appreciate nature, is often used to enhance the natural capital, while protecting and promoting protected areas. Several studies have been carried out about ecotourism in MPA’s all over the world, particularly in the 21st century. In this article, we analyzed several case studies focusing ecotourism in MPAs, to better understand the connection between the development of this industry, the development of sustainable blue economy, and the efforts for ocean conservation. From the analysis conducted, we conclude that ecotourism development and community participation are of paramount importance in achieving sustainable development in MPAs, although there is still room to new advances improving good marine governance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecotourism in Marine Protected Areas as a tool to valuate natural capital and enhance good marine governance: A review

et al. 2023

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“…D2 criteria argues that human activities in a protected area must be at a threshold level because activities in a protected area can cause the degradation and destruction of the resource base, negative effects on the economy and culture of local people, and reductions in visitor satisfaction [51]. In various studies, it has been determined that there is an increase in the destruction of nature due to the lack of development of a defined carrying capacity for the area during the intense use of the relevant area and a decrease in the utilization levels of the visitors coming to the area over time due to natural destruction [4][5][6][14][15][16][52][53][54]. In this context, it is obvious that the D2 criteria and related indicators were among the most important criteria.…”

Section: Findings and Discussion Regarding The Delphi Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result of increasing urbanization and demographic problems caused by the intense industrialization process that started with the industrial revolution [1], nature was rapidly destroyed, and many environmental problems emerged as a result of deteriorating the balance of nature. Instead of pure economic development-oriented approaches [2,3], approaches based on the sustainability of rich ecosystems and areas with biodiversity have gained importance [4][5][6]. Especially in recent years, the concept of ecotourism-supporting the development and protection of the local people living in and near the protected area, making positive contributions to the natural and cultural values around the protected area, recognizing the sustainability of these values in the planning process of the protected areas for tourism services, and considering the protection of biodiversity-has started to take place on the agenda [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying, Monitoring, and Evaluating Sustainable Ecotourism Management Criteria and Indicators for Protected Areas in Türkiye: The Case of Camili Biosphere Reserve

Aydın

Öztürk

2023

Sustainability

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Although many criteria and indicator sets have been developed for sustainable ecotourism management in many countries around the world, such a set of criteria and indicators has not been developed in Türkiye yet. The aim of this study was to develop sustainable ecotourism management criteria and indicators specific to Türkiye’s social, economic, and ecological differences and to investigate the possibilities of using this developed set in the sustainable management of the Camili Biosphere Reserve Area. The set that consisted of 12 criteria and 68 indicators prepared based on WTO and UNWTO criteria and indicator sets was used as a starting point. Within the scope of the Delphi method, as a result of three stages of repeated questionnaires, a set of criteria and indicators consisting of 11 criteria and 101 indicators was reached, based on the suggestions and consensus of four expert groups. In the next step, the adaptation and prioritization of the national sustainable ecotourism management criteria and indicator set for the Camili Biosphere Reserve Area were realized using the Analytical Hierarchy Process method, depending on the opinions of four local expert groups. As a result, it was concluded that the ecotourism activities carried out in the Camili Biosphere Reserve received a total score of 95.4 and that the ecotourism activities in the area were positively sustainable, with an average of 69.1%. It was determined that ecotourism activities in the Camili Biosphere Reserve are positively sustainable in terms of “level of awareness and perception of the field”, “socio-economic benefits to the local people”, “local participation”, “financial structure”, “environmental education and practices“, and “visitor satisfaction” criteria. However, in order to ensure the sustainability of ecotourism activities both at the country level and at the local level, studies should be carried out with a participatory approach by establishing a balance between the expectations of the local people and the income obtained from ecotourism, by providing a central authority, and by making improvements in the financing structure.

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“…The condition is that there needs to be an appropriate and comprehensive arrangement so that it does not interfere with conservation objectives. If ecotourism management is done poorly, it will affect the sustainability of conservation [15]. Therefore, this study intends to develop a policy plan for the development of Sakjan Lake destinations in Meru Betiri National Park.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The policy plan of ecotourism development of Sakjan Lake for economic empowerment of buffering rural community in the Meru Betiri National Park Jember Indonesia

Ihsannudin

Kholiq²,

Antriyandarti

2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Meru Betiri National Park is a conservation area for the biodiversity of flora and fauna. In the implementation, conservation activities should provide economic benefits for the buffer community to build participation in conservation activities. This study aims to find out a policy plan for developing the ecotourism destination of Sakjan Lake in Meru Betiri National Park Jember. The analysis uses the Tinbergen Rule with consideration of endogenous and exogenous variables in achieving the final goal of community empowerment of buffer villages without neglecting the nature conservation in the Meru Betiri National Park. The results show that policy plans consist of zoning changes to the location of Sakjan Lake, maximum protection of natural preservation, tourist safety, community empowerment with a participatory approach, keeping off ecotourism paradoxes and determining a proper strategy for ecotourism development. Ecotourism activities of Sakjan Lake should be directed to the economic improvement of the local community without breaking the regulation related to the existence of Meru Betiri National Park and safety attention for visitors, so that ecotourism activities are not only for income generating but also for nature and environmental conservation.

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Ecotourism governance and protected areas sustainability in Cameroon: The case of Campo Ma'an National Park

Cited by 11 publications

References 31 publications

Ecotourism in Marine Protected Areas as a tool to valuate natural capital and enhance good marine governance: A review

Ecotourism in Marine Protected Areas as a tool to valuate natural capital and enhance good marine governance: A review

Identifying, Monitoring, and Evaluating Sustainable Ecotourism Management Criteria and Indicators for Protected Areas in Türkiye: The Case of Camili Biosphere Reserve

The policy plan of ecotourism development of Sakjan Lake for economic empowerment of buffering rural community in the Meru Betiri National Park Jember Indonesia

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