Ecotoxicity of Imidacloprid to Aquatic Organisms: Derivation of Water Quality Standards for Peak and Long-Term Exposure

Smit, C.E.; Posthuma-Doodeman, C. J. A. M.; Vlaardingen, P.L.A. van; Jong, F.M.W. de

doi:10.1080/10807039.2014.964071

Cited by 60 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Dragonflies, water bugs, and crayfish were selected because they will consume tadpoles and snails while backswimmers were selected because they will consume zooplankton. Based on previous research with imidacloprid [11,13,41], we expected the herbivores to be tolerant of clothianidin but the predatory insects and crayfish to be sensitive to it. Thus, we predicted that clothianidin exposure would have negative effects on predator survival and behavior, which would indirectly benefit herbivore survival and growth.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of clothianidin on aquatic communities: Evaluating the impacts of lethal and sublethal exposure to neonicotinoids

et al. 2017

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The widespread usage of neonicotinoid insecticides has sparked concern over their effects on non-target organisms. While research has largely focused on terrestrial systems, the low soil binding and high water solubility of neonicotinoids, paired with their extensive use on the landscape, puts aquatic environments at high risk for contamination via runoff events. We assessed the potential threat of these compounds to wetland communities using a combination of field surveys and experimental exposures including concentrations that are representative of what invertebrates experience in the field. In laboratory toxicity experiments, LC50 values ranged from 0.002 ppm to 1.2 ppm for aquatic invertebrates exposed to clothianidin. However, freshwater snails and amphibian larvae showed high tolerance to the chemical with no mortality observed at the highest dissolvable concentration of the insecticide. We also observed behavioral effects of clothianidin. Water bugs, Belostoma flumineum, displayed a dose-dependent reduction in feeding rate following exposure to clothianidin. Similarly, crayfish, Orconectes propinquus, exhibited reduced responsiveness to stimulus with increasing clothianidin concentration. Using a semi-natural mesocosm experiment, we manipulated clothianidin concentration (0.6, 5, and 352 ppb) and the presence of predatory invertebrates to explore community-level effects. We observed high invertebrate predator mortality with increases in clothianidin concentration. With increased predator mortality, prey survival increased by 50% at the highest clothianidin concentration. Thus, clothianidin contamination can result in a top-down trophic cascade in a community dominated by invertebrate predators. In our Indiana field study, we detected clothianidin (max = 176 ppb), imidacloprid (max = 141 ppb), and acetamiprid (max = 7 ppb) in soil samples. In water samples, we detected clothianidin (max = 0.67 ppb), imidacloprid (max = 0.18 ppb), and thiamethoxam (max = 2,568 ppb). Neonicotinoids were detected in >56% of soil samples and >90% of the water samples, which reflects a growing understanding that neonicotinoids are ubiquitous environmental contaminants. Collectively, our results underscore the need for additional research into the effects of neonicotinoids on aquatic communities and ecosystems.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of clothianidin on aquatic communities: Evaluating the impacts of lethal and sublethal exposure to neonicotinoids

et al. 2017

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“…The most sensitive species known are mayflies, with 96-h LC50s of 650-1770 ng/l (Alexander, 2006;Roessink et al, 2013). For the protection of aquatic life in general, concentrations less than 8.3 and 200 ng/l have been recommended for chronic and acute exposure, respectively (Smit et al, 2015). The acute threshold is the more relevant to stormwater runoff events, and thus only Laurel Creek would exceed this benchmark.…”

Section: Risks To Resident Speciesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In recent years, use of phenylpyrazole insecticides, especially fipronil, has become more common, and it is now commonly detected in urban creeks at concentrations acutely toxic to a variety of invertebrates . Neonicotinoids, such as imidacloprid, are an emerging class of insecticides with potential for aquatic toxicity (Smit et al, 2015), though the research focus has largely been on their toxicity to pollinators (Cresswell, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stormwater-related transport of the insecticides bifenthrin, fipronil, imidacloprid, and chlorpyrifos into a tidal wetland, San Francisco Bay, California

Weston

Chen

Lydy

2015

Science of The Total Environment

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“…The highest concentrations, of 10-41 µg/L, were only found in temporary shallow waterbodies after rain events in early summer. Smit et al 2014) 0.0083…”

Section: Sensitivity Of Aquatic Invertebrates To Neonicotinoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Environmental Risks of neonicotinoid pesticides: a review of the evidence post-2013

Wood

Goulson

2017

Preprint

147

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Neonicotinoid pesticides were first introduced in the mid-1990s and since then their use has grown rapidly so that they have become the most widely used class of insecticides in the world, with the majority being used as seed coatings. Neonicotinoids are water-soluble, and so a small quantity applied to a seed will dissolve when in contact with water in the soil and be taken up by the roots of the developing plant. Once inside the plant it becomes systemic and is found in vascular tissues and foliage, providing protection against herbivorous insects. This prophylactic use of neonicotinoids has become extremely widespread on a wide range of arable crops across much of the developed world.However, only approximately 5% of the neonicotinoid active ingredient is taken up by crop plants and most instead disperses into the wider environment. Since the mid-2000s numerous studies have raised concerns that neonicotinoids may be having a negative effect on non-target organisms. In particular, neonicotinoids were associated with mass poisoning events of honeybees and were shown to have serious negative effects on honeybee and bumblebee fitness when consumed. In response to this growing body of evidence, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) was commissioned to produce risk assessments for the use of clothianidin, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam and their impact on bees. These risk assessments, published in January 2013, conclude that the use of these compounds on certain flowering crops poses a high risk to bees. On the basis of these findings, the European Union adopted a partial ban on these substances in May 2013 which came into force on 1 st December 2013.The purpose of this review is to collate and summarise scientific evidence published since 2013 that investigates the impact of neonicotinoids on non-target organisms and to bring it into one place to aid informed decision making. Due to international concern over the unintended impacts of neonicotinoids on wildlife, this topic has received a great deal of scientific attention in this three year period. As the restrictions were put in place because of the risk neonicotinoids pose to bees, much of the recent research work has naturally focussed on this group. Risks to beesBroadly, the EFSA risk assessments addressed risks of exposure to bees from neonicotinoids through various routes and the direct lethal and sublethal impact of neonicotinoid exposure. New scientific evidence is available in all of these areas, and it is possible to comment on the change in the scientific evidence since 2013 compared to the EFSA reports. This process is not meant to be a formal assessment of the risk posed by neonicotinoids in the manner of that conducted by EFSA.Instead it aims to summarise how the new evidence has changed our understanding of the likely risks to bees; is it lower, similar or greater than the risk perceived in 2013. With reference to the EFSA 2013 risk assessments baseline, advances in each considered area and their impact on the original assessment can be summarise...

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Ecotoxicity of Imidacloprid to Aquatic Organisms: Derivation of Water Quality Standards for Peak and Long-Term Exposure

Cited by 60 publications

References 41 publications

Effects of clothianidin on aquatic communities: Evaluating the impacts of lethal and sublethal exposure to neonicotinoids

Effects of clothianidin on aquatic communities: Evaluating the impacts of lethal and sublethal exposure to neonicotinoids

Stormwater-related transport of the insecticides bifenthrin, fipronil, imidacloprid, and chlorpyrifos into a tidal wetland, San Francisco Bay, California

The Environmental Risks of neonicotinoid pesticides: a review of the evidence post-2013

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