Ecotoxicity of single‐wall carbon nanotubes to freshwater snail Lymnaea luteola L.: Impacts on oxidative stress and genotoxicity

Abstract

Mammalian studies have raised concerns about the toxicity of carbon nanotubes, but there is very limited data on ecogenotoxicity to aquatic organisms. The aim of this study was to determine eco-geno toxic effects of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in fresh water snail, Lymnea luteola (L. luteola). A static test system was used to expose L. luteola to a freshwater control, 0.05, 0.15, 0.30, 0.46 mg/L SWCNTs for up to 4 days. SWCNTs changed a significant reduction in glutathione, glutathione-S-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase with in hepatopancreas of L. luteola. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) and catalase showed dose- and time-dependent and statistically significant increase in hepatopancreas during SWCNTs exposure compared with control. However, a significant (p < 0.01) induction in DNA damage was observed by the comet assay in hepatopancreas cells treated with SWCNTs. These results demonstrate that SWCNTs are ecogenotoxic to freshwater snail L. luteola. The oxidative stress and comet assay can successfully be used as sensitive tools of aquatic pollution biomonitoring.

The developmental toxicity, bioaccumulation and distribution of oxidized single walled carbon nanotubes in Artemia salina

“…The newly hatched larvae (approximately 5000) were exposed to O-SWCNTs (50 mg L −1 ) for 72 h. During the exposure, approximately 300 larvae per time point (1,3,5,7,9,12,15,18,24,30,36,48, 60 and 72 h) were randomly sampled and thoroughly washed with distilled water. The larvae were homogenized and pipetted into a square quartz groove (side length: 5 mm; height: 1 mm), and then dried in a vacuum at 80°C.…”

“…The toxicity, bioaccumulation and fate of SWCNTs in some freshwater organisms have been studied, such as Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, 7 Daphnia magna, 8 Lymnea luteola 9 and Danio rerio. 10 Besides, the development toxicity of SWCNTs on rare minnow embryos and larvae was also investigated in our previous work.…”

“…11 The mechanism for the toxicity of CNTs is mainly a combined effect of agglomeration, shading, physical interactions and oxidative stress. 9,12,13 For example, Long et al (2012) investigated the mechanism of CNTs' toxicity toward Chlorella. They demonstrated that the major contributor at a lower concentration was oxidative stress, whereas the contribution of agglomeration and shading increased when increasing the concen-tration.…”

Exploration of Cadmium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Bioaccumulation, Oxidative Stress, and Carcinogenic Potential inOreochromis mossambicusL.

“…LPO levels were significantly increased among controls and treatment groups in both tissues. Ali et al [30] have reported that oxidative stress is a major mechanism of ecotoxicity. GSH and LPO (Figure 3) were increased, and GST and catalase (Figure 4) were increased at lower concentrations and increased higher concentration, indicating that toxic effects were related to oxidative stress.…”

The comet assay in animal models: From bugs to whales – (Part 1 Invertebrates)

“…The studies were done on several cell types from embryonic cells to adult cells such as haemocytes, gill cells, hepatopancreas cells and digestive gland cells. The majority of studies are on freshwater snails employing different species including Lymnaea stagnalis [158][159][160][161], Lymnaea luteola [162][163][164][165], Biomphalaria glabrata [166], Biomphalaria alexandrina [167,168], Marisa cornuarietis [169], Potamopyrgus antipodarum [170], Bellamya aeruginosa [171], Pila globose [172], Viviparous bengalensis [149] and Heleobia cf. australis [173].…”