Ecotoxicological assessment of diamondback terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin) pond habitat, prey and eggs in Bermuda

Mathis

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

et al. 2016

Self Cite

The impacts of contaminated sediment from 2 ponds in Bermuda on immune function in newly metamorphosed cane toads were examined. In the present study, a partial life-cycle experiment exposing Gosner stage 20 cane toad tadpoles to pond sediment and laboratory culture water through metamorphosis and into a juvenile state was performed. A basic immunology battery, including general necropsy, spleen somatic index, spleen white pulp content, splenocyte tissue density, and splenocyte viability, was conducted in newly metamorphosed Rhinella marina exposed to Bermuda freshwater sediment and baseline specimens collected from 2 separate populations in south Texas and south Florida, USA. Immune function was evaluated using a lymphocyte proliferation assay with subset specimens infected with Mycobacterium chelonae. In the Bermuda population exposed to pond sediment, splenocyte tissue density was markedly lower and lymphocyte proliferation substantially less relative to cohorts exposed to control sediment and to the North American populations. Considerable increases in spleen weight and liver and spleen lesions related to M. chelonae infection were recorded in challenged Bermuda R. marina compared with unchallenged specimens. Overall, immune function in Bermuda R. marina was compromised compared with North American mainland R. marina regardless of treatment but more dramatically in specimens exposed to Bermuda pond sediments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2604-2612. © 2016 SETAC.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Splenic immunotoxicity in developing cane toads (Rhinella marina) from Bermuda

Mathis

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

et al. 2016

Self Cite

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

“…Furthermore, the authors found evidence of accumulation of fluoranthene and chrysene from sediment to gastropods to terrapin eggs. Egg and embryo necropsies were also performed and, although the authors did not establish a direct relationship between the incidence of abnormalities and PAH levels, data suggested that the overall contaminant levels in terrapin eggs were "remarkably high," when taken in context with previous studies [65], including research cited in the present review [23,41]. In another recent case, the PAH 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene was detected in plasma of M. terrapin in areas affected by the Deepwater Horizon spill [66].…”

Section: Terrestrial Freshwater and Other Nonmarine Turtlesmentioning

confidence: 92%

Reptilian exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and associated effects

Zychowski

Godard-Codding

2016

Reptiles are an underrepresented taxon in ecotoxicological literature, and the means by which toxicants play a role in population declines are only partially understood. Among the contaminants of interest for reptiles are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), a class of organic compounds that is already a concern for numerous other taxa. The objectives of the present review are to summarize the existing literature on reptilian exposure to PAHs and synthesize general conclusions, to identify knowledge gaps within this niche of research, and to suggest future directions for research. Results confirm a relative scarcity of information on reptilian exposure to PAHs, although research continues to grow, particularly after significant contamination events. The orders Testudines and Squamata are better represented than the orders Crocodilia and Rhynchocephalia. For the taxonomic orders with relevant literature (all but Rhynchocephalia), some species are more frequently represented than others. Few studies establish solid cause-effect relationships after reptilian exposure to PAHs, and many more studies are suggestive of effect or increased risk of effect. Despite the scarcity of information in this area, researchers have already employed a wide variety of approaches to address PAH-related questions for reptiles, including molecular techniques, modeling, and field surveys. As more research is completed, a thoughtful interpretation of available and emerging data is necessary to make the most effective use of this information. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:25-35. #

“…Untuk menghindari hilangnya spesies akuatik diperlukan strategi konservasi dalam perlindungan biodiversitas perairan (Fagundes, et al 2018). Tentunya biodiversitas dan penyediaan jasa layanan ekosistem terkait erat dalam meningkatkan kekayaan spesies (Bullock, et al 2011) (Outerbridge, et al 2016).…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

“…Deforestasi yang berlebihan mengakibatkan degradasi vegetasi, ketidakseimbangan nutrisi, banjir dan perpindahan hewan dari satu area ke area lain (Meyfroidt, et al 2013). Selain itu, perubahan struktur komunitas dalam suatu ekosistem disebabkan karena terjadinya perubahan iklim akibat pengaruh aktivitas antropogenik, seperti masuknya bahan pencemaran organik diakibatkan pembuangan limbah rumah tangga dan industri (Outerbridge, et al 2016) terkontaminasi oleh logam dan hidrokarbon (Outerbridge, et al 2016). (Itoh, et al 2018).…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Peran Ekosistem Mangrove Sebagai Habitat Populasi Tuntong Laut (Batagur borneoensis, Schlegel & Muller, 1844)

Saputra¹

2019

Preprint

Terdegradasinya ekosistem mangrove dapat menyebabkan hilangnya biodiversitas mangrove dan keseimbangan layanan ekosistem mangrove. Terganggunya fungsi layanan ekosistem berdampak pada peran mangrove dan mengakibatkan hilangnya suatu spesies. Pengaruh faktor biotik dan abiotik dapat terjadi perubahan yang dapat memberikan kontribusi berbeda terhadap peranan ekosistem mangrove sebagai habitat alaminya. Interaksi antar jenis spesies akan berdampak pada menurunnya jumlah populasi suatu spesies terutama tuntong laut, jika habitatnya terganggu. Tuntong laut mempunyai tingkat sensitifitas yang tinggi terhadap lingkungan yang tercemar, serangan predator maupun aktivitas manusia. Jasa layanan ekosistem mangrove mampu meningkatkan peran dan fungsinya terhadap masuknya zat pencemar dari bahan organik. Selain dijadikan sebagai tempat mencari makan dan tempat berlindung dari serangan predator, fungsi lain mangrove bagi tuntong laut adalah sebagai pengatur mortalitas dalam penyesuaian air yang bersalinitas tinggi. Sehingga tuntong laut mampu bertahan di sungai dan muara yang salinitasnya rendah. Oleh karena itu, kerusakan mangrove dapat mempengaruhi perubahan struktur, komposisi dan fungsi bagi tuntong laut. Peranan masyarakat dalam menjaga ekosistem mangrove sangat menentukan pola pemanfaatan lahan. Aktivitas pemanfaatan lahan perlu mempertimbangkan upaya pengelolaan secara kolektif. Upaya yang dilakukan berupa tindakan restorasi, rehabilitasi dan reklamasi. Peningkatan terhadap layanan ekosistem dievaluasi dengan penilaian terhadap indikator-indikator yang terlibat, metode kuantifikasi dan strategi pengelolaan. Sehingga dari hasil penilaian tersebut dapat memberikan sutu kebijakan dan pemahaman kepada masyarakat terhadap pengelolaan sumber daya mangrove.