ECT and The Youth: Catatonia in Context

Zaw, Frank K M

doi:10.1016/s0074-7742(05)72013-4

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Although some studies claim that even patients with severe cardiovascular conditions or neurological diseases may benefit from this therapy, guidelines still consider that more studies are needed to allow ECT use in such medical conditions [24,25]. Central nervous system tumors with high levels of cerebrospinal fluid, active pneumonia, and recent myocardial infarction are commonly considered relative contraindications in adolescents [39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroconvulsive therapy use in adolescents: a systematic review

et al. 2013

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BackgroundConsidered as a moment of psychological vulnerability, adolescence is remarkably a risky period for the development of psychopathologies, when the choice of the correct therapeutic approach is crucial for achieving remission. One of the researched therapies in this case is electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). The present study reviews the recent and classical aspects regarding ECT use in adolescents.MethodsSystematic review, performed in November 2012, conformed to the PRISMA statement.ResultsFrom the 212 retrieved articles, only 39 were included in the final sample. The reviewed studies bring indications of ECT use in adolescents, evaluate the efficiency of this therapy regarding remission, and explore the potential risks and complications of the procedure.ConclusionsECT use in adolescents is considered a highly efficient option for treating several psychiatric disorders, achieving high remission rates, and presenting few and relatively benign adverse effects. Risks can be mitigated by the correct use of the technique and are considered minimal when compared to the efficiency of ECT in treating psychopathologies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroconvulsive therapy use in adolescents: a systematic review

et al. 2013

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“…Lorazepam [45][46][47] and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) [45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59] have been described in multiple case reports as effective treatments. Lorazepam has been used both as a challenging procedure to facilitate the diagnosis of catatonia [60] and as treatment with a range from low [46] to very high oral or parenteral [61] doses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catatonia with Psychosis in an 8-Year-Old Child: A Case Report and a Literature Review

Weiss

Schibuk

Gokarakonda

et al. 2022

Case Reports in Psychiatry

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Objective. We present a narrative review of pediatric catatonia and a case report illustrating the complexity of management of psychosis in a child with catatonia. Method. The literature search used the text terms pediatric, catatonia, and antipsychotics and the search engines PubMed and EBSCO. All references from peer-reviewed journals were reviewed for treatment strategies specific to management in children who are also psychotic. Findings. This 8-year-old girl presented with psychotic symptoms which were initially treated with antipsychotics and evolved into life-threatening catatonia that was eventually stabilized with a total daily dose of 46 mg of lorazepam. Lower doses led to recurrence. Once catatonia improved, she tolerated combined benzodiazepine and antipsychotic treatment. Long-term maintenance over 5 years required maintenance treatment with both benzodiazepines and antipsychotics to prevent relapse. Conclusions. The extraordinary doses of benzodiazepines found to be optimal for management of catatonia in this child led to improved alertness and orientation, without evident sedation. Catatonia did not recur with later management of psychosis using neuroleptics when added to lorazepam. The current literature on pediatric catatonia does not provide guidance on dose maintenance or when and if to rechallenge with antipsychotics.

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“…Given the clinical interest in the potential therapeutic value of ECT for the treatment of pre‐adolescent children (Russell et al, 2002; Zaw, 2006), it is important to evaluate the impact of electroshock‐induced seizures on trophic factors in young animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of repeated minimal electroshock seizures on NGF, BDNF and FGF‐2 protein in the rat brain during postnatal development

Kim

Gale

Kondratyev

2010

Intl J of Devlp Neuroscience

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Repeated brief seizures, such as those induced by electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), markedly elevate neurotrophic factor levels in the adult rat brain but it is not known whether a similar response to seizures occurs in immature animals. To address this question, we evoked brief seizures with electroconvulsive shock (ECS) in rat pups at different stages of postnatal development and examined basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2), nerve growth factor (NGF), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) proteins in selected brain regions in which these trophic factors are known to increase in the adult rat following ECS-induced seizures.ECS treatments were administered daily (3 episodes/day) over 7 days to rat pups of three different ages: postnatal day (P)1-7, P7-13, or P14-20. Protein levels were measured 6 h after the last ECS using Western blotting for FGF-2 in rhinal cortex, ELISA for BDNF and NGF in hippocampus, and NGF in frontal cortex.7 days of repeated ECS-induced seizures during P1-7 did not alter protein levels for BDNF, FGF-2, or NGF. The repeated seizures during P7-13 affected only BDNF protein, causing a significant elevation of 40% in hippocampus over sham-treated controls. In P14-20 pups, the repeated seizures resulted in a significant increase in BDNF in hippocampus (162% over controls) and FGF-2 in rhinal cortex (34% over controls), while NGF protein did not show a significant change in either hippocampus or frontal cortex.The results suggest that during the first postnatal week there is a resistance to seizure-induced increase in neurotrophic factors, but by the third postnatal week, both BDNF and FGF-2 are elevated substantially in response to repeated seizures. This time-dependent profile suggests that synthesis of these proteins is initially activity-independent, becoming subject to activity-dependent regulation by 3 weeks of age. This maturation of seizure-evoked changes in trophic factors may be important for understanding the impact of ECT and seizures in childhood.

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ECT and The Youth: Catatonia in Context

Cited by 10 publications

References 51 publications

Electroconvulsive therapy use in adolescents: a systematic review

Electroconvulsive therapy use in adolescents: a systematic review

Catatonia with Psychosis in an 8-Year-Old Child: A Case Report and a Literature Review

Effects of repeated minimal electroshock seizures on NGF, BDNF and FGF‐2 protein in the rat brain during postnatal development

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