ECT: III: Enduring Cognitive Defecits?

Weeks, David J.; Freeman, Chris; Kendell, R. E.

doi:10.1192/bjp.137.1.26

Cited by 152 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Furthermore, the memory disturbance of the untreated, depressed patient is a diminished acquisition of new information, whereas ECT causes a transient disruption of the retention of new information with unchanged or even increased acquisition. Once the series of ECT is completed, the capacity for new learning and retention, which depends on an intact hippocampal function, recovers in about 72 days (Weeks et al 1980). The long-term effect of ECT in depression is, therefore, not compromised by the reversible treatmentinduced memory disruption.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Increased neurogenesis in a model of electroconvulsive therapy

Madsén

Treschow

Bengzon

et al. 2000

Biological Psychiatry

670

409

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Increased neurogenesis in a model of electroconvulsive therapy

Madsén

Treschow

Bengzon

et al. 2000

Biological Psychiatry

670

409

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“…Moreover, electrode position, energy, and type of current have been related with the degree of cognitive impairments. Specifically, some of them (Weeks et al 1980;Squire and Chace 1996;Sackeim et al 2008) have found that unilateral right positions have less severe cognitive effects than bilateral positions, which support previous review studies (Squire 1977;Calev et al 1995;Squire and Chace 1996). Sackeim et al (2008) in a double-blind study investigate the effects of different electrode placement (bilateral vs. right unilateral) and pulse width (0.3 vs. 1.5 ms) and found that the ultrabrief right unilateral group had less cognitive side effects than the other groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding electrical dosage, Sackeim et al (2000) compared different electrode position (bilateral vs. right unilateral) and electric dosage (50% vs. 150% and 500% above the seizure threshold) and found that a high dosage result in a greater cognitive impairment. Most of these studies have also shown that both learning and retaining were totally recovered between a few weeks and 7 months after the ECT series (Weeks et al 1980;Frith et al 1983;Calev et al 1991;Squire and Chace 1996). Moreover, Zervas et al (1993) associated patient age in adults to the risk of short-term memory deficits in patients treated with ECT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-Year Follow-Up of Cognitive Functions in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders of Adolescent Patients Treated with Electroconvulsive Therapy

Serna

Flamarique

Castro‐Fornieles

et al. 2011

Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology

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Objective: The aim of the current study was to investigate the long-term cognitive effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in a sample of adolescent patients in whom schizophrenia spectrum disorders were diagnosed. Methods: The sample was composed of nine adolescent subjects in whom schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder was diagnosed according to DSM-IV-TR criteria on whom ECT was conducted (ECT group) and nine adolescent subjects matched by age, socioeconomic status, and diagnostic and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score at baseline on whom ECT was not conducted (NECT group). Clinical and neuropsychological assessments were carried out at baseline before ECT treatment and at 2-year follow-up. Results: Significant differences were found between groups in the number of unsuccessful medication trials. No statistically significant differences were found between the ECT group and the NECT group in either severity as assessed by the PANSS, or in any cognitive variables at baseline. At follow-up, both groups showed significant improvement in clinical variables (subscales of positive, general, and total scores of PANSS and Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement). In the cognitive assessment at follow-up, significant improvement was found in both groups in the semantic category of verbal fluency task and digits forward. However, no significant differences were found between groups in any clinical or cognitive variable at follow-up. Repeated measures analysis found no significant interaction of time · group in any clinical or neuropsychological measures. Conclusions: The current study showed no significant differences in change over time in clinical or neuropsychological variables between the ECT group and the NECT group at 2-year follow-up. Thus, ECT did not show any negative influence on long-term neuropsychological variables in our sample.

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“…Alternatively, it may contribute to the transient cognitive impairment that accompanies ECS in humans. 31) Electrophysiological changes in granule cell neurons by ECS treatment were also examined. 32,33) Chronic ECS treatments enhance baseline levels of synaptic transmission in the dentate gyrus.…”

Section: Morphological and Functional Changes In Mature Neurons Of Dementioning

confidence: 99%

Exploration of New Molecular Mechanisms for Antidepressant Actions of Electroconvulsive Seizure

Segi-Nishida

2011

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Electroconvulsive seizure (ECS) therapy is a clinically proven treatment for depression and is often effective even in patients resistant to chemical antidepressants. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic efficacy of ECS are not fully understood. Here, I review studies that show molecular, cellular, and behavioral changes by ECS treatment, and discuss the functions of ECS to underlie the action of antidepressant effects. In hippocampus, these changes cover gene induction, increased adult neurogenesis, and electrophysiological reactivity. Especially, the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in neurogenesis is discussed. Among other gene expression changes in hippocampus, a role of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, an inducible type of the rate-limiting enzyme of prostanoid synthesis, is focused. ECS-induced changes in other brain regions such as prefrontal cortex and hypothalamus, and ECS-induced behavioral changes are also reviewed. Understanding the molecular, cellular, and behavioral changes by ECS will provide a new view to find potential targets for novel antidepressant design that are highlighted by these findings.

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ECT: III: Enduring Cognitive Defecits?

Cited by 152 publications

References 30 publications

Increased neurogenesis in a model of electroconvulsive therapy

Increased neurogenesis in a model of electroconvulsive therapy

Two-Year Follow-Up of Cognitive Functions in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders of Adolescent Patients Treated with Electroconvulsive Therapy

Exploration of New Molecular Mechanisms for Antidepressant Actions of Electroconvulsive Seizure

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