Ectopic pregnancy: Are fair-colored women at increased risk?

Opoku, Baafuor K.; Nguah, Samuel Blay; Azanu, Wisdom

doi:10.7243/2052-6210-1-1

Cited by 8 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Women with age of 25-34 years showed a higher rate of ectopic pregnancy, this is in agreement with Opoku et al (2013) which is possibly due to high reproductive activity…”

Section: The Role Of Some Cytokines In Ectopic Pregnancy In Iraq-thiqsupporting

confidence: 73%

The Role of Some Cytokines in Ectopic Pregnancy in Iraq-Thiqar

Chali¹,

Tjprc²

2018

IJMPS

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Mean±SD Serum concentration levels of IL1RA for ectopic pregnancy and controls group were (9.3375±3.260ng/ml), (2.1151±1.16ng/ml) respectively and this difference was highly significant (P value 0.00), while IL2 concentration Mean±SD in ectopic pregnancy was (2.2582±1.224ng/ml) and control group was (4.9923±1.59ng/ml) (P<0.05) with no statistically significance, Serum concentration level of IL6 for ectopic pregnancy was (23.2508±7.18 Pg/ml) while controls group was (9.0025±2.74 Pg/ml) with statistically significant differences (P value 0.00), IL8 level in ectopic pregnancy and controls show (76.9892±19.8 Pg/ml), (26.5498±11.85 Pg/ml) respectively and this different were statistically significant (P value 0.00).Serum concentration levels of TNFα for ectopic pregnancy and controls group were (31.5328±10.22 Pg/ml), (9.5346±10.22 Pg/ml) respectively this different was statistic significant (P value 0.00).

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“…Women with age of 25-34 years showed a higher rate of ectopic pregnancy, this is in agreement with Opoku et al (2013) which is possibly due to high reproductive activity…”

Section: The Role Of Some Cytokines In Ectopic Pregnancy In Iraq-thiqsupporting

confidence: 73%

The Role of Some Cytokines in Ectopic Pregnancy in Iraq-Thiqar

Chali¹,

Tjprc²

2018

IJMPS

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“…This rate is low relative to prevalence of 10.6% reported in a study done in Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana [15], 6.5% in Nnamdi Azikiwe University teaching hospital Nnewi, Nigeria [17] and 6.9% in Bugando Medical Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania [18]. All these studies used gynaecological admission as their baseline.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Studies done showed 10.6% burden of ectopic pregnancy in all gynecological admission in Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi [15] and 32.90 per 1000 deliveries in Korle-bu Teaching Hospital in Accra [14]. There is however little or no data on the prevalence or incidence of ectopic pregnancy in other parts of the country especially the Volta region of Ghana.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ectopic Pregnancy in a Referral Hospital in the Volta Region of Ghana West Africa

Oppong¹,

Agbemenyah²,

Afeke³

et al. 2016

OALib

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Background: Ectopic pregnancy is still a global problem for women of reproductive age with increasing burden of the disease and increasing mortality especially for women living developing world like Africa. In Ghana studies evaluating the burden of ectopic pregnancy have been conducted in major centres like Korle-Bu and KATH but few in other centres. This study tends to evaluate the prevalence, clinical presentation and finding of ectopic pregnancy in a referral hospital in the Volta region of Ghana. Methodology: This was a 3 years (2013)(2014)(2015)(2016) retrospective review of all gynaecological admission in the Volta regional hospital. All ectopic pregnancy cases/ record were identified, retrieved and information on the socio-demographics, clinical presentations, intraoperative findings and outcome of surgery were all extracted for analysis. Result: A prevalence of 2.05% (53/2582) was recorded over the study period. 58.5% (31/53) of the women were married and between the age group of 21 -30. 47.2% (25/53) had primary school education. Lower abdominal pain was common in 98.1% (52//53), 69.2% (37/53) had vaginal bleeding while 96.4% (51/53). Fallopian tube pregnancy was seen in 96.2% (51/53) while 3.8% (2/53) were abdominal pregnancy. Tubal rupture and heamoperitoneum were seen in 73.6% (39/53) of the women. 78.4% (40/51) of the fallopian tube pregnancy occurred at the ampulla. All the women in this study were successfully managed with radical surgery. Conclusion: There is still the need to evaluate the prevalence of ectopic pregnancy in the region. Proper education of women of reproductive age and provision of equipment and skills to enable early diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy is very necessary in ensuring less radical and traumatic management with less implication on fertility of women post-surgery.

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“…The evidence suggests that, incidence of EP has increased in the last three decades [4]. In Ghana, the incidence is within 29-32 per 1000 deliveries [5]. Among developed countries however, up to about 90% or more EP are diagnosed unruptured but in developing countries diagnoses of unruptured cases are rare.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance in Ghana the diagnoses of unruptured EP`s since early 1990`s has remained in the rates of 1.9% to 8.5% [3]. This implies that diagnosis prior to rupture is frequently missed.Despite the abnormality been linked with some considerably risk factors (Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID), post abortal & postpartum sepsis, previous EP, tubal spasm, intra uterine contraceptive device use, ovulation inducing drugs, previous abdominal-pelvic surgeries, emotional and psychological factors) [1,2,5], EP may occur in all races, countries, and in any socio-economic class of women of childbearing age. The theory behind its (EP) occurrence is that, anything that impedes or delays the migration of an embryo to the endometrial cavity is believed to initiate the process [1].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ruptured Ectopic Pregnancy: A Case of Fair Complexion Woman at Tamale Teaching Hospital, Ghana

Hk¹

2017

Austin J Obstet Gynecol

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The incidence of Ectopic Pregnancy (EP) is rising globally and as such in Ghana. In Ghana, the observation is that, EP is associating significantly with women of fair skin complexion, whether is artificially induced or natural. Our recent case finding at the Tamale Teaching Hospital (TTH) in Ghana compares well with previous research of other hospital in the country. Early diagnoses improve patient outcome with ultrasound scan been useful diagnostic tool. The sonographic features observed with our case finding were; free fluid in peritoneum spaces, large right complex adnexal mass and bulky uterus with slight texture irregularities. The case is presented below. Keywords Case PresentationA 25 year old woman, gravida 2 para 2, fair in skin complexion presented at the gynecology emergency clinic of the Tamale Teaching Hospital (TTH) with complains of lower abdominal pain and 3days of scanty vaginal bleeding. Rigorous clinical examination revealed pain at supra-pelvic region on palpation, minimal pain at iliac fossa regions, weakness, dizziness and positive nausea but no significant dilated cervix OS (0.5cm). Patient has previous history of using oral contraceptive pills for a year and sexual affair with three multiple partners. However, she has no history of pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, assisted technology fertilization and tubal surgery. Patient was referred to the radiology department for abdominal-pelvic ultrasound scan to rule out Ectopic Pregnancy (EP) or threatened abortion. Until this, she had tested positive on Urine Pregnancy Test (UPT) 4wks after her last menstrual period. However, earlier ultrasound scan following the UPT ruled out any evidence of cyesis at a different facility other than TTH. At the TTH radiology department, the ultrasound scan performed diagnosed the case as ruptured EP. The sonographic features observed with our case finding were; free fluid in peritoneum spaces, large right complex adnexal mass (measuring 27.1cm in circumference) and bulky uterus with slight texture irregularities as shown in (Figure 1). The diagnosis was confirmed at laparotomy as right ruptured EP's. DiscussionEctopic Pregnancy (EP) refers to the implantation of a fertilized egg or fetus in any site other than the uterine cavity. In simple term, EP is an abnormal pregnancy complication in which the product of conception develops outside the uterine cavity, and mostly not viable except in rare cases [1]. Consequently, the abnormally implanted gestation grows and when it enlarges create the potential for organ rupture. Due that the uterus is the only cavity that can expand and accommodate fetal development or growth [1]. EP is a worldwide health burden, and by far one of the commonest critical and lifethreatening surgical emergencies among women of reproductive age. It is thus considered the most cause of maternal morbidity and mortality (73%) in early pregnancy [2,3]. The evidence suggests that, incidence of EP has increased in the last three decades [4]. In Ghana, the incidence is within...

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Ectopic pregnancy: Are fair-colored women at increased risk?

Cited by 8 publications

References 4 publications

The Role of Some Cytokines in Ectopic Pregnancy in Iraq-Thiqar

The Role of Some Cytokines in Ectopic Pregnancy in Iraq-Thiqar

Ectopic Pregnancy in a Referral Hospital in the Volta Region of Ghana West Africa

Ruptured Ectopic Pregnancy: A Case of Fair Complexion Woman at Tamale Teaching Hospital, Ghana

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