Edible Insects in a Food Safety and Nutritional Perspective: A Critical Review

Belluco, Simone; Losasso, Carmen; Maggioletti, Michela; Alonzi, Cristiana; Paoletti, Maurizio G.; Ricci, Antonia

doi:10.1111/1541-4337.12014

Cited by 570 publications

(425 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…Also Bovera et al (2015) using T. molitor larvae meal as complete replacement of soybean meal in broiler diets showed a decrease in crude protein, dry matter and organic matter ileal digestibility without effects on growth performance in comparison to the control group. The lower crude protein digestibility in TM50 diet can reflect the higher chitin content of the diet leading to a higher chitin-linked protein quota (Bellucco et al, 2013). The same effect was observed by Belforti et al (2015) which reported a decrease in crude protein digestibility in fish fed diet containing an inclusion of 50% of TM without effects on weight gain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Effect of Tenebrio molitor larvae meal on growth performance, in vivo nutrients digestibility, somatic and marketable indexes of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata)

Piccolo

Iaconisi

Marono

et al. 2017

Animal Feed Science and Technology

180

134

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the inclusion of Tenebrio molitor larvae meal in practical diets for gilthead sea bream on growth performance, nutrients digestibility, somatic and marketable indexes. Two separate trials were carried out: in the first a total of 153 gilthead sea bream (105.2 ± 0.17 g average initial body weight) were randomly allocated in 9 fiberglass 220 liter tanks (17 fish per tank) in an indoor water recirculating system. The fish were fed three isoenergetic and isoproteic diets formulated to contain increasing levels of TM meal inclusion and precisely: a control diet (TM0), in which fish meal was the main protein source; TM25 and TM50 diets, in which 25% and 50% of Tenebrio molitor larvae meal was added to the diet, respectively. These inclusion rates corresponded to 30% and 60% of inclusion on protein bases and 35% and 71% of fish meal substitution on protein bases for TM25 and TM50 diets, respectively. Each diet was randomly assigned to 3 tanks and the trial lasted 163 days. In the second trial the apparent digestibility coefficients of the 3 diets were measured on 72 fish randomly distributed to 3 digestibility tank-units (24 fish per unit, average body weight: 86.97±2.3 g) using an indirect method (acid insoluble ash).The group fed TM25 showed a higher (P < 0.05) final weight, specific growth rate, weight gain %, protein efficiency ratio, and a lower feed conversion ratio compared to the other 2 groups. The estimated apparent digestibility coefficients of crude protein and ether extract of the diets were lower (P < 0.01) in TM50 than in the other 2 groups. No significant differences have been found between TM0 and Tenebrio molitor larvae meal groups in morphometric and commodity-related characteristics, except for dressed yield and viscerosomatic index (VSI), that resulted the lowest and the highest, respectively, in TM50. The skin colour resulted to be affected by dietary inclusion of insect meal, especially at 50% of inclusion. The general evaluation of the results demonstrates that Tenebrio molitor larvae meal can replace fish meal up to 25% of inclusion in the diet for Sparus aurata without negative effects on weight gain, crude protein and ether extract digestibility, marketable indexes after 163 days feeding. On the contrary, when Tenebrio molitor larvae meal was included at 50%, nutrient digestibility, dressed yield, VSI and skin colour were penalized.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Effect of Tenebrio molitor larvae meal on growth performance, in vivo nutrients digestibility, somatic and marketable indexes of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata)

Piccolo

Iaconisi

Marono

et al. 2017

Animal Feed Science and Technology

180

134

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“…In the past, studies have demonstrated that crickets having varied in nutrient content (Belluco et al, 2013), with content of available carbohydrates ranging from 1.00 g/100 g to 47.00 g/100 g (Narzari and Sarmah, 2015). In the current study, carbohydrate content was within this range, and as the age increased, the carbohydrate levels steadily decrease over time especially when protein levels and chitin content increased.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of house cricket to address food security in Kenya: Nutrient and chitin composition of farmed crickets as influenced by age

Kipkoech¹,

Kinyuru²,

Imathiu³

et al. 2017

Afr. J. Agric. Res.

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House cricket is currently introduced for scaled-up production in farming systems in Kenya and other parts of the world, as an alternative source of animal proteins. The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional composition in farmed cricket as influenced by age in order to ascertain the optimal harvesting time for possible utilization of crickets in improving child nutrition in Kenya. Sampling was carried out between weeks 4 and 13. The moisture content was analysed by drying method, chitin by sodium hydroxide digestion, protein content by estimation of total nitrogen, crude fat by soxhlet extraction method, ash by muffle furnace incineration, available carbohydrates by subtraction, and energy by calculation method. The crude protein mean ranged from 36.00 to 60.00 g/100 g, chitin 2.20 to 12.40 g/100 g, total lipids 12.00 to 25.00 g/100 g, over the 13 weeks period. Minerals concentration was optimum at week 9, with magnesium 1.30 to 11.30 mg/100 g, calcium 1.40 to 19.70 mg/100 g, and zinc 0.20 to 16.60 mg/100 g. Findings from this study indicate that farmed cricket would be best harvested between weeks 9 and 11, when the protein and mineral content is optimum. Nutrients available in farmed crickets show that farmed crickets can be used in child food ingredients to improve child nutrition.

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“…While the insects' health status is not seen as a problem for the safety of the edible insects, that situation might change with the intensification of the production. Intensive production results in a higher probability of spreading diseases for the raising animals [46]. The experience from rearing bees has shown that animal-specific diseases might have negative economic outcomes [47]; thus, if the insects' production takes off for higher levels of intensive production, it is predictable that specific diseases might spread in the farms, and administration of veterinary drugs has to be considered, creating a problem with drug residues similar to that we face actually with meat from conventional husbandry [48,49].…”

Section: Pre-requisites: Good Farming Practices and Good Practices Fomentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraints of HACCP Application on Edible Insect for Food and Feed

Fraqueza¹,

CoutinhoPatarata²

2017

Future Foods

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In a near future there is a need to guaranty food security for approximately more than one billion people worldwide. Beyond the population increase other factors contribute to food and feed insecurity such as climate changes, rising costs of animal protein and consumer demands for protein. Edible insects are pointed out as one alternative as they have always been a part of human diets. The concern to guaranty food security cannot be dissociated from food safety and under the Codex Alimentarius principles of food hygiene, insects would be comparable to other types of foods of animal origin. The processing and storage of insects and their products should follow the same health and sanitation regulations as for any other food or feed in order to ensure their microbiological and chemical safety. Allergies induced through insects' ingestion should also be considered. This review aims to identify potential hazards related to edible insects' production and transformation. Preventive measures to their control will be presented considering prerequirements in their production and transformation. An HACCP plan will be described as a study case in insects' transformation, being discussed all constraints regarding implementation.

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Edible Insects in a Food Safety and Nutritional Perspective: A Critical Review

Cited by 570 publications

References 111 publications

Effect of Tenebrio molitor larvae meal on growth performance, in vivo nutrients digestibility, somatic and marketable indexes of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata)

Effect of Tenebrio molitor larvae meal on growth performance, in vivo nutrients digestibility, somatic and marketable indexes of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata)

Use of house cricket to address food security in Kenya: Nutrient and chitin composition of farmed crickets as influenced by age

Constraints of HACCP Application on Edible Insect for Food and Feed

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