Editorial: Durability and sustainable concrete

Harrison, T E

doi:10.1680/jmacr.2016.68.9.433

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Acid attack is distinct from sulphate attack in that its decomposition does not require substantial expansion. Cement hydration products and carbonaceous materials (such as limestone and dolomite used in concrete production) are both sensitive to acidity [16]. Sulphuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ), unlike other acids, has the potential to deteriorate and expand concrete.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Durability Behaviours of Engineered Cementitious Composites Blended with Carbon Nanotubes against Sulphate and Acid Attacks by Applying RSM Modelling and Optimization

et al. 2023

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Chemical deterioration, including sulphate and acid attacks, is a major issue affecting the long-term durability of engineered cementitious composite (ECC) constructions that contact water from various sources, including groundwater, seawater, sewer water, and drinking water. This research enhances ECCs’ strength and resilience against chemical attack by combining cementitious composites with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibre volume fractions using multiobjective optimization. The central composite design (CCD) of RSM was applied to generate thirteen mixes of different potential combinations of factors (multiwalled CNTs: 0.05% to 0.08%, PVA: 1–2%) and eight outcome responses were studied, although eight response models—six quadratic and two linear—were successfully designed and assessed using analysis of variance. The coefficients associated with R2 for all the models were exceptionally high, with values varying from 84 to 99 percent. The multiobjective optimization predicted the best outcomes and developed optimal values for both variables (CNTs: 0.05% and PVA: 1%). The results showed that, at 0.05% of CNTs in ECCs, an ultimate improvement of 23% in compressive strength was seen. Additionally, when CNTs are used to grow in the ECC matrix, the expansion owing to sulphate resistance and length change due to acid attack are both reduced. In addition, when the percentage of CNTs increases in ECCs, the weight loss and pH value owing to acid attack, as well as the rate of chloride permeability test results, are reduced. Furthermore, CNTs and PVA fibres with 0.05% and 1–1.5% concentrations offer optimal construction sector outcomes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Durability Behaviours of Engineered Cementitious Composites Blended with Carbon Nanotubes against Sulphate and Acid Attacks by Applying RSM Modelling and Optimization

et al. 2023

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“…Acids in groundwater or soil can corrode deep underground concrete structures, whether they are produced naturally or as a result of the disposal of industrial wastes. Acid leakage and accidental spills may also happen in industrial applications [16]. The method of acid attack differs depending on the kind of acid, with carbonic, hydrochloric, sulfuric, and nitric acids being the most frequently occurring acids in concrete.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Graphene Oxide as a Nanomaterial on the Durability Behaviors of Engineered Cementitious Composites by Applying RSM Modelling and Optimization

et al. 2023

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Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) are widely used in various structures due to their high strength, durability, and ductility. However, they are still vulnerable to environmental factors such as sulphate and acid attack. These attacks damage the concrete matrix, which leads to cracking and corrosion of the reinforcing steel. To mitigate these issues, various techniques have been developed, including the addition of graphene oxide to the ECC mix. Graphene oxide has shown potential in improving the mechanical properties and durability of ECC. The purpose of this study was to use multi-objective optimization to identify an appropriate GO by the weight of the cement and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber volume fraction in an ECC mixture. Using RSM’s central composite design (CCD), thirteen mixtures of various possible combinations of variables (GO: 0.05 percent to 0.08 percent, PVA: 1–2 percent) were established, and eight response responses (compressive strength, change in length, weight loss, pH test, weight gain, expansion, rapid chloride permeability test and water absorption) were examined. However, analysis of variance was used to effectively design and evaluate eight (six quadratic and two linear) response models. All the models had extremely high R2 values, ranging from 84 percent to 99 percent. The multi-objective optimization produced ideal variable values (GO: 0.05 percent and PVA: 1%) and projected optimum response values. The predicted values were verified experimentally and found to correlate extremely well with the experimental data, with less than a 5% error. The outcome showed that the maximum increase of 30% in the compressive strength was recorded at 0.05% of GO as a nanomaterial in ECC. In addition, the expansion due to sulfate resistance and change in length due to acid attack were decreased by 0.0023% and 0.28%, respectively, when the use of 0.08% of GO as a nanomaterial in the ECC matrix was reinforced with 1% PVA fiber for 28 days. Moreover, the weight loss and weight gain of ECC combined with 1% of PVA fiber due to chemical attack decreased by 66.70% and 77.80%, respectively, at 0.08% of GO as a nanoscale particle than that of the reference mix for 28 days. In addition, the pH value due to acid attack, rapid chloride permeability test value, water absorption, and slump flow of the fresh mixture were decreased as the concentration of GO rose in ECC. The results indicated that the incorporation of 0.05% GO as a nanomaterial and 1 to 1.5% of PVA fiber will provide the best outcomes for the construction industry.

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“…Acid and alkali resistance is an important property for building materials. Concretes made with Portland cement and alkali-activated slag deteriorate [4,5] in the aggressive environment of sewers, mining, mineral processing, acid rain or acid ground-water [6,7]. This article presents a study of durability of straw-geopolymer materials in acid and alkaline environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance of Straw-Geopolymer Materials to Acid and Alkali Attack

Jin

Xia

Zhu

et al. 2016

MSF

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Straw fibers reinforced geopolymer, a new type of metakaolin-based geopolymer, was synthesized in a specific formulation with rice straw fibers added. The straw-geopolymers were soaked in sulfuric acid solution at pH of 1.0, 3.0 and 5.0, respectively, and sodium hydroxide solution at pH of 9.0, 11.0 and 13.0, respectively. Compressive strengths and microstructural changes were studied. The results showed that after being immersed in acid solution at a pH of 1.0 or alkali solution at a pH of 13.0 for 28 days, the compressive strengths of the specimens decreased from 50.28 MPa to 28.90 MPa and 40.00 MPa, respectively. The best performance was observed when the specimens were soaked in sodium hydroxide solution at a pH of 9.0. Scaning electron microscope (SEM) analyses indicated that the lamellar structure of the straw-geopolymer was consistent with pure geopolymer. Cracks which led to a loss of strength were found in the specimens soaked in acid solution at pH of 1.0 and 3.0.

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Editorial: Durability and sustainable concrete

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Durability Behaviours of Engineered Cementitious Composites Blended with Carbon Nanotubes against Sulphate and Acid Attacks by Applying RSM Modelling and Optimization

Durability Behaviours of Engineered Cementitious Composites Blended with Carbon Nanotubes against Sulphate and Acid Attacks by Applying RSM Modelling and Optimization

Effect of Graphene Oxide as a Nanomaterial on the Durability Behaviors of Engineered Cementitious Composites by Applying RSM Modelling and Optimization

Resistance of Straw-Geopolymer Materials to Acid and Alkali Attack

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