Editorial: Induction and Maintenance of Long-Term Immunological Memory Following Infection or Vaccination

Vajdy, Michael

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.02658

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…With the results of over 365,000 tests done in England showing that antibody response to SAR-CoV-2 wanes over time [73], and reinfection cases reported [74], the possibility of herd immunity as a barrier remains low, although it must be admitted that the expected severity of reinfected cases should, at least theoretically, be lower, due to the residual memory effect of the immune system, which is characteristic of infections [75][76][77]. Therefore, at present, there is only one rational, proactive measure to increase herd immunity and effectively reduce the number of cases of COVID-19, that being vaccination plans [78].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simplified Mathematical Modelling of Uncertainty: Cost-Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines in Spain

et al. 2021

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When exceptional situations, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, arise and reliable data is not available at decision-making times, estimation using mathematical models can provide a reasonable reckoning for health planning. We present a simplified model (static but with two-time references) for estimating the cost-effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine. A simplified model provides a quick assessment of the upper bound of cost-effectiveness, as we illustrate with data from Spain, and allows for easy comparisons between countries. It may also provide useful comparisons among different vaccines at the marketplace, from the perspective of the buyer. From the analysis of this information, key epidemiological figures, and costs of the disease for Spain have been estimated, based on mortality. The fatality rate is robust data that can alternatively be obtained from death registers, funeral homes, cemeteries, and crematoria. Our model estimates the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) to be 5132 € (4926–5276) as of 17 February 2021, based on the following assumptions/inputs: An estimated cost of 30 euros per dose (plus transport, storing, and administration), two doses per person, efficacy of 70% and coverage of 70% of the population. Even considering the possibility of some bias, this simplified model provides confirmation that vaccination against COVID-19 is highly cost-effective.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simplified Mathematical Modelling of Uncertainty: Cost-Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines in Spain

et al. 2021

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“…The results showed that prophylactic vaccine has higher efficiency than therapeutic vaccine in both the US and India. Prophylactic vaccine will stimulate the immune system and then produce long-lived memory lymphocytes [52] , [53] . Subsequently, the immune system can rapidly respond to virus infection, leading to a reduction of infected cases.…”

Section: Numerical Simulations and Interpretation Of The Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability analysis of SEIR model related to efficiency of vaccines for COVID-19 situation

Wintachai

Prathom

2021

Heliyon

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This work is aimed to formulate and analyze a mathematical modeling, model, for COVID-19 with the main parameters of vaccination rate, effectiveness of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines. Global and local stability of the model are investigated and also numerical simulation. Local stability of equilibrium points are classified. A Lyapunov function is constructed to analyze global stability of the disease-free equilibrium. The simulation part is based on two situations, the US and India. In the US circumstance, the result shows that with the rate of vaccination 0.1% per day of the US population and at least 20% effectiveness of both prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines, the reproductive numbers are reduced from 2.99 (no vaccine) to less than 1. The same result happens in India case where the maximum reproductive number in this case is 3.38. To achieve the same infected level of both countries, the simulation shows that with the same vaccine's efficiency the US needs a higher vaccination rate per day. Without vaccines for this pandemic, the model shows that a few percentages of the populations will suffering from the disease in the long term.

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Editorial: Induction and Maintenance of Long-Term Immunological Memory Following Infection or Vaccination

Cited by 2 publications

References 4 publications

Simplified Mathematical Modelling of Uncertainty: Cost-Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines in Spain

Simplified Mathematical Modelling of Uncertainty: Cost-Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines in Spain

Stability analysis of SEIR model related to efficiency of vaccines for COVID-19 situation

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