Editorial: The Microbiome in Hepatobiliary and Intestinal Disease

Can a mucosal microbiota signature predict disease severity, survival, and disease recurrence in PSC?

“…Of note, although this study looked at mucosaassociated microbiota in PSC, the observed alterations largely resemble fecal microbiota changes from prior PSC studies, which demonstrated that the fecal proportions of Streptococcus and Veillonella are commonly increased, and those of Faecalibacterium, Coprococcus, and Lachnospiraceae are oftentimes reduced in PSC. [2,3] These results also resemble another study, where increased mucosal proportions of Streptococcus and reduced mucosal proportions of Lachnospiraceae were found in PSC patients with IBD compared with HC, although in that study the proportions of mucosaadherent Pseudomonas were decreased. [6] Within the field of hepatology, patients diagnosed with PSC and IBD are likely the only liver disease patient population that frequently undergoes colonoscopies, which allows easy access to intestinal biopsies.…”

“…Patients with PSC have characteristic alterations of the fecal microbiota with increased relative fecal abundances of Streptococcus, Veillonella, and Enterococcus, and lower proportions of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Coprococcus, and Lachnospiraceae. [2,3] Recently, a specific PSC microbiota-associated pathobiont, Klebsiella pneumonia (K. pneumonia), has been shown to disrupt the epithelial barrier to initiate bacterial translocation and liver inflammatory responses, and to exacerbate experimental cholestatic liver disease in a microbiotahumanized mouse model. [4] Further, functional aspects of microbiome changes in PSC have been investigated, where microbial plasma metabolites, including the active vitamin B6 metabolite pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and the branched-chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine, were associated with patient survival.…”

“…Hepatobiliary and intestinal diseases are associated with changes in the gut microbiota. Patients with PSC have characteristic alterations of the fecal microbiota with increased relative fecal abundances of Streptococcus , Veillonella , and Enterococcus , and lower proportions of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii , Coprococcus , and Lachnospiraceae 2,3. Recently, a specific PSC microbiota-associated pathobiont, Klebsiella pneumonia ( K .…”

IgY antibodies against cytolysin reduce ethanol-induced liver disease in mice

“…Thus, new therapeutics are desperately needed. Various liver and gut diseases are associated with intestinal dysbiosis, a reduction of beneficial microbes, and the proliferation of potentially pathogenic microbes 3 . In particular, patients with alcohol-associated liver disease show marked microbiome alterations, including bacterial, fungal, and viral changes 4–8 .…”

“…Various liver and gut diseases are associated with intestinal dysbiosis, a reduction of beneficial microbes, and the proliferation of potentially pathogenic microbes. [3] In particular, patients with alcohol-associated liver disease show marked microbiome alterations, including bacterial, fungal, and viral changes. [4][5][6][7][8] Recently, we have shown that Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and its 2-subunit exotoxin cytolysin are increased in the stool of patients with alcohol-associated hepatitis compared with nonalcoholic controls and patients with alcohol use disorder.…”