EDITORIALPandemic Preparedness for Swine Flu Influenza in the United States

Rf, Edlich; Ss, Mason; Jj, Dahlstrom; Swainston, E; Wb, Long; Gubler, K. Dean

doi:10.1615/jenvironpatholtoxicoloncol.v28.i4.10

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…Sera from these patients contain α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase (Nagalase) that deglycosylates Gc protein, preventing it from converting to MAF, possibly contributing to immunosuppression. 52 After the outbreaks of H1N1 influenza in 2009, Edlich et al 53 strongly recommended that all health care workers and patients be tested and treated for vitamin D deficiency to prevent exacerbation cytokine responses and reducing Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation. 18 Studies in mice suggest that blocking TLR9 may have use in treating human sepsis.…”

Section: Antimicrobial Efficacy Against Different Infective Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial implications of vitamin D

Youssef

Miller

Elabbassi

et al. 2011

Dermato-Endocrinology

171

128

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Section: Antimicrobial Efficacy Against Different Infective Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial implications of vitamin D

Youssef

Miller

Elabbassi

et al. 2011

Dermato-Endocrinology

171

128

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“…Recently, there has been a great deal of interest in the role played by VitD in host resistance to infection, and a number of scientific claims reported broad anti-infectious effects, potentially beneficial in people infected with influenza [ 13 , 55 , 56 ]. This emerging role of VitD in innate immunity results in two findings: the immune system is able to produce 1 α -hydroxylase, the enzyme that converts circulating VitD to its active form [ 57 – 60 ] and the active VitD produced in the immune system led to the production and regulation of antimicrobial peptides such as cathelicidin and defensin β 2 [ 13 , 61 ] which in turn inhibited replication of Mycobacterium tuberculosis , in vitro [ 62 ].…”

Section: Is Vitd a Potential Immune-enhancing Agent Against Influementioning

confidence: 99%

Aging Adults and Seasonal Influenza: Does the Vitamin D Status (H)Arm the Body?

Lang

Samaras

2012

Journal of Aging Research

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Vitamin D (VitD), although originally described as an essential hormone for bone and mineral homeostasis, appears to have an active role in regulating specific facets of human immunity. Indeed, VitD has been shown to have significant effects on cytokine production and lymphocyte proliferation. Evidence that VitD affects clearance of selected pathogens is supported by epidemiological and clinical data, while its coadministration with influenza vaccine in mice enhanced both mucosal and systemic antibody responses. This paper aims to examine how VitD may contribute to limiting the burden of influenza infection in the aging and aged adults, a population in which this burden remains considerable. Furthermore, we discuss how VitD status may play a role in host resistance to influenza virus and influence the immunogenicity of the influenza vaccines currently licensed for adults aged 65 years or over by its effects on innate and adaptive immunities.

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“…An additional benefit of Vitamin D is reduced proinflammatory cytokine production, which may play a protective role during infections that cause a cytokine storm [54]. To avoid worsening of respiratory infections, Edlich et al recommended that testing and treating vitamin D deficiency in health care providers and patients [55].…”

Section: Clinical Relevancementioning

confidence: 99%

Inadequacy of Immune Health Nutrients: Intakes in US Adults, the 2005–2016 NHANES

Reider¹,

Chung²,

Devarshi³

et al. 2020

Nutrients

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A well-functioning immune system is essential for human health and well-being. Micronutrients such as vitamins A, C, D, E, and zinc have several functions throughout the immune system, yet inadequate nutrient intakes are pervasive in the US population. A large body of research shows that nutrient inadequacies can impair immune function and weaken the immune response. Here, we present a new analysis of micronutrient usual intake estimates based on nationally representative data in 26,282 adults (>19 years) from the 2005–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). Overall, the prevalence of inadequacy (% of population below estimated average requirement [EAR]) in four out of five key immune nutrients is substantial. Specifically, 45% of the U.S. population had a prevalence of inadequacy for vitamin A, 46% for vitamin C, 95% for vitamin D, 84% for vitamin E, and 15% for zinc. Dietary supplements can help address nutrient inadequacy for these immune-support nutrients, demonstrated by a lower prevalence of individuals below the EAR. Given the long-term presence and widening of nutrient gaps in the U.S.—specifically in critical nutrients that support immune health—public health measures should adopt guidelines to ensure an adequate intake of these micronutrients. Future research is needed to better understand the interactions and complexities of multiple nutrient shortfalls on immune health and assess and identify optimal levels of intake in at-risk populations.

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EDITORIALPandemic Preparedness for Swine Flu Influenza in the United States

Cited by 10 publications

References 7 publications

Antimicrobial implications of vitamin D

Antimicrobial implications of vitamin D

Aging Adults and Seasonal Influenza: Does the Vitamin D Status (H)Arm the Body?

Inadequacy of Immune Health Nutrients: Intakes in US Adults, the 2005–2016 NHANES

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