In recent decades, there has been growing concern about the use and preservation of natural resources to meet the needs of present and future generations. In this context, Environmental Education (EE) emerges as an essential tool to promote awareness and sustainable development. The global milestone for its incorporation into development policies was consolidated in 2015 with the approval of the 2030 Agenda, consisting of 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and 169 targets. This article aims to highlight environmental education as a strategic tool for the conservation of natural resources and its relationship with the SDGs. The research is based on a bibliographical survey and document analysis of the 2030 Agenda, identifying seven goals whose targets are directly linked to EE. From this, the principles of the National Policy on Environmental Education were compared with the global targets, proposing viable measures to integrate EE into the educational context. It was found that EE is crucial to achieving the SDG targets, but its application still lacks cross-cutting, interdisciplinary approaches, and continuity. This reality requires attention so that educational strategies can be implemented and the objectives of the 2030 Agenda can be fully achieved.