In recent years, the sense of social responsibility among college students has garnered significant scholarly interest due to its impact on individual development and its implications for national modernization and strength. This study introduces the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (IMB) model as an innovative approach to fostering social responsibility in students at private colleges in Anhui Province. By employing a questionnaire, we assessed the current state of social responsibility cultivation among these students. Subsequently, an intervention study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the IMB model. The intervention group received a social responsibility intervention based on the IMB model, while the control group continued with traditional methods. The findings indicate that the intervention group outperformed the control group across various dimensions—information, motivation, behavioral skills, and social responsibility behaviors. Notably, the overall sense of social responsibility in the intervention group increased by 13.13% post-intervention, which is 14.87% higher than that observed in the control group. These results suggest that the IMB model is a potent strategy for enhancing social responsibility among college students.