Education level predicts retrospective metamemory accuracy in healthy aging and Alzheimer’s disease

Szajer, Jacquelyn; Murphy, Claire

doi:10.1080/13803395.2013.844771

Cited by 15 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…That is, not having the ability to engage cognitive networks to compensate for memory problems means that those difficulties are not detected. This is consistent with a recent study demonstrating a relationship between higher education levels (another proxy for cognitive reserve) and greater metamemory accuracy in Alzheimer’s Disease (Szajer & Murphy, 2013). Additionally of note, both cognitive reserve and metacognitive accuracy have been positively associated with external compensatory strategy use (Garrett, Grady, Hasher, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Depression and executive dysfunction contribute to a metamemory deficit among individuals with methamphetamine use disorders

Casaletto¹,

Obermeit²,

Morgan³

et al. 2015

Addictive Behaviors

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Chronic methamphetamine (MA) use is associated with moderate deficits in learning and memory, but the extent to which MA users are aware of such memory deficits (i.e., metamemory) is not known. In the current study, 195 participants with lifetime MA use diagnoses (MA+) and 195 non-MA-using comparison subjects (MA−) underwent comprehensive neuropsychiatric research assessments, including performance-based and self-report measures of episodic memory. MA use disorders, major depressive disorder (MDD), and their interaction were uniquely associated with metamemory functioning, such that MDD increased the likelihood of a metamemory deficit among the MA+ participants. Within the MA group, individuals who over-estimated their memory abilities demonstrated greater executive dysfunction and lower cognitive reserve. Chronic MA use is associated with reduced awareness of objective deficits in memory acquisition and recall, which is particularly exacerbated by the presence of major depression. Efforts to enhance metamemory accuracy and deployment of compensatory mnemonic strategies may benefit substance abuse treatment outcomes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Depression and executive dysfunction contribute to a metamemory deficit among individuals with methamphetamine use disorders

Casaletto¹,

Obermeit²,

Morgan³

et al. 2015

Addictive Behaviors

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“…However, it has been suggested that educational level can influence metamemory, with evidence that older adults with higher educational level have a more accurate level of confidence in retrospective metamemory. 6 It is worth noting that in our study the MMQ was suitable for elders with different educational background (4 to 22 years of schooling). However, we recommend that examiners supervise individuals with low educational level more closely in order to check for instruction comprehension and possible mistakes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“… 5 These aspects are considered important in directing the use of memory processes in overall decision making. 6 Also, authors have argued that the metamemory definition should also include feelings and emotions about memory, along with self-efficacy associated with memory, 5 , 7 which is related to confidence level regarding one's own memory ability. 8 Metamemory has been studied within the field of psychology of aging to understand changes in memory abilities during aging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metamemory and aging: Psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Multifactorial Memory Questionnaire for elderly

Simon

Ávila

Vieira

et al. 2016

Dement. neuropsychol.

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Metamemory measures provide subjective memory information and are relevant to investigate memory ability in aging. However, there is a lack of metamemory instruments available in Brazil. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Multifactorial Memory Questionnaire (MMQ), which evaluates different dimensions of subjective memory functioning, such as Feelings, Abilities and Strategies used in everyday life. Methods: The MMQ was translated into Portuguese and administered to 30 Brazilian elderly subjects. The participants underwent cognitive tests, mood scales and metamemory instruments. Results: Analyses revealed good internal consistency (Cronbach's a coefficient ranged from 0.75 to 0.89) and test-retest validity for each MMQ dimensions (positive correlations between two applications ranged from 0.75 to 0.8). Convergent validity evidence for the MMQ was confirmed by significant positive correlations (0.47 to 0.68) with dimensions of the Metamemory in Adulthood scale (MIA) (i.e., the Ability, Control, Self-efficacy and Strategy dimensions). Discriminant validity revealed no associations between the MMQ and cognitive performance, suggesting a weak metamemory-objective memory correspondence. Moreover, there was a negative correlation between MMQ-Ability subscale scores and mood symptoms (-0.63 for anxious symptoms, and -0.54 for depressive symptoms); and the Brazilian MMQ was comparable with MMQ translations to other languages. Conclusion: The Brazilian MMQ exhibits good psychometric properties and appears promising for clinical and research purposes. Additional studies are needed to further examine the psychometric properties of the Brazilian MMQ in a larger sample.

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“…Indeed, the self-rated confidence was a valid reflection on their performance, as in the younger group. It has been demonstrated that meta-memory is preserved in elderly individuals, despite lower levels of explicit memory performance on the same learnt material ( Halamish, McGillivray, & Castel, 2011 ), though this outcome has been suggested to depend on high education levels (see Szajer & Murphy, 2013 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preserved memory-based orienting of attention with impaired explicit memory in healthy ageing

Patai

Nobre

2016

Cortex

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It is increasingly recognised that spatial contextual long-term memory (LTM) prepares neural activity for guiding visuo-spatial attention in a proactive manner. In the current study, we investigated whether the decline in explicit memory observed in healthy ageing would compromise this mechanism. We compared the behavioural performance of younger and older participants on learning new contextual memories, on orienting visual attention based on these learnt contextual associations, and on explicit recall of contextual memories. We found a striking dissociation between older versus younger participants in the relationship between the ability to retrieve contextual memories versus the ability to use these to guide attention to enhance performance on a target-detection task. Older participants showed significant deficits in the explicit retrieval task, but their behavioural benefits from memory-based orienting of attention were equivalent to those in young participants. Furthermore, memory-based orienting correlated significantly with explicit contextual LTM in younger adults but not in older adults. These results suggest that explicit memory deficits in ageing might not compromise initial perception and encoding of events. Importantly, the results also shed light on the mechanisms of memory-guided attention, suggesting that explicit contextual memories are not necessary.

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Education level predicts retrospective metamemory accuracy in healthy aging and Alzheimer’s disease

Cited by 15 publications

References 59 publications

Depression and executive dysfunction contribute to a metamemory deficit among individuals with methamphetamine use disorders

Depression and executive dysfunction contribute to a metamemory deficit among individuals with methamphetamine use disorders

Metamemory and aging: Psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Multifactorial Memory Questionnaire for elderly

Preserved memory-based orienting of attention with impaired explicit memory in healthy ageing

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