“Education Ltd.”—The Influence of British Earl of Cromer on the Education System in Egypt (1883-1907)

Abstract

This research focuses on a historic issue: the influence of the Earl of Cromer (who served as the British Consul-General in Egypt) on the local education system. The research reflects an inter-disciplinary approach-education and history. Coping with the issue was done via examination of the declared educational goals and the activities in practice as well as the local population's responses to the activities. Allegedly, Cromer failed in his attempted reforms in Egyptian education. This article attempts to examine the issue from a process-holistic approach attributing meaning to all actions taken by Cromer in the education system. The major leading goal of this research is the examination of the education system in Egypt during the British occupation, when the Earl of Cromer served as the British Consul-General from September 11, 1883 to the end of his term on May 6, 1907. Cromer is claimed to have ailed his reforms in Egyptian education, and so this article will attempt to separate the educational goals set by the British and Cromer and the actual practice in the field. We will also relate to the local population's responses to these activities.

Educational Renewal During Muhammad Ali Period and Its Impact on The Al-Azhar Educational Institution

“…Despite the dismissal of "Dunlop" and the appointment of Saad Zaghloul as Minister of Education under public pressure on Lord "Cromer," absolute power remained in the hands of "Dunlop"; As agreed by the Ministry of the plan he made with the principal and senior employees after contacting him personally and receiving his orders and instructions before they wrote their official report, which prompted "Edward Lambert" as principal. Law said in his report: "The employee in the actual management of the Ministry of Education is Douglas Dunlop (Maman & Falah, 2018).…”