EEG-based control for human-computer interaction

Calhoun, Gloria L.; McMillan, Grant R.

doi:10.1109/huics.1996.549486

Cited by 23 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The history of the use of different stimuli in SSVEP-based BCIs is summarized in Tables 1 , 2 , and 3 . The first known SSVEP-based BCI was presented in 1996 [ 12 ] and used a fluorescent light to render the stimulation. This system had only one stimulus and was based on the self-regulation of the SSVEP amplitude.…”

Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of Stimulation Methods Used in SSVEP-Based BCIs

Zhu

Bieger

Garcia-Molina

et al. 2010

Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience

505

307

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Brain-computer interface (BCI) systems based on the steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) provide higher information throughput and require shorter training than BCI systems using other brain signals. To elicit an SSVEP, a repetitive visual stimulus (RVS) has to be presented to the user. The RVS can be rendered on a computer screen by alternating graphical patterns, or with external light sources able to emit modulated light. The properties of an RVS (e.g., frequency, color) depend on the rendering device and influence the SSVEP characteristics. This affects the BCI information throughput and the levels of user safety and comfort. Literature on SSVEP-based BCIs does not generally provide reasons for the selection of the used rendering devices or RVS properties. In this paper, we review the literature on SSVEP-based BCIs and comprehensively report on the different RVS choices in terms of rendering devices, properties, and their potential influence on BCI performance, user safety and comfort.

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Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of Stimulation Methods Used in SSVEP-Based BCIs

Zhu

Bieger

Garcia-Molina

et al. 2010

Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience

505

307

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“…Wang et al ( 2006 ) further explored three subsystems that existed in SSVEP resonances with a major peak around 15 Hz, followed by two other peaks at 31 Hz and 41 Hz. On the other hand, by means of assigning a unique flickering frequency to each of visual targets, several laboratory studies (Calhoun and Mcmillan, 1996 ; Cheng et al, 2002 ; Kelly et al, 2005a ; Wang et al, 2006 ; Muller-Putz and Pfurtscheller, 2008 ) have successfully demonstrated that SSVEP signals can serve as a communication carrier in actuating BCI systems with advantages such as high SNR, brief user training, and less individual difference. However, the previous studies all assessed SSVEPs from stationary and tethered individuals, who were instructed to avoid gross task-irrelevant head/body movements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the quality of steady-state visual-evoked potentials for moving humans using a mobile electroencephalogram headset

Lin

Wang

Wei

et al. 2014

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Recent advances in mobile electroencephalogram (EEG) systems, featuring non-prep dry electrodes and wireless telemetry, have enabled and promoted the applications of mobile brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) in our daily life. Since the brain may behave differently while people are actively situated in ecologically-valid environments versus highly-controlled laboratory environments, it remains unclear how well the current laboratory-oriented BCI demonstrations can be translated into operational BCIs for users with naturalistic movements. Understanding inherent links between natural human behaviors and brain activities is the key to ensuring the applicability and stability of mobile BCIs. This study aims to assess the quality of steady-state visual-evoked potentials (SSVEPs), which is one of promising channels for functioning BCI systems, recorded using a mobile EEG system under challenging recording conditions, e.g., walking. To systematically explore the effects of walking locomotion on the SSVEPs, this study instructed subjects to stand or walk on a treadmill running at speeds of 1, 2, and 3 mile (s) per hour (MPH) while concurrently perceiving visual flickers (11 and 12 Hz). Empirical results of this study showed that the SSVEP amplitude tended to deteriorate when subjects switched from standing to walking. Such SSVEP suppression could be attributed to the walking locomotion, leading to distinctly deteriorated SSVEP detectability from standing (84.87 ± 13.55%) to walking (1 MPH: 83.03 ± 13.24%, 2 MPH: 79.47 ± 13.53%, and 3 MPH: 75.26 ± 17.89%). These findings not only demonstrated the applicability and limitations of SSVEPs recorded from freely behaving humans in realistic environments, but also provide useful methods and techniques for boosting the translation of the BCI technology from laboratory demonstrations to practical applications.

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“…SSVEPs are a response to attention by the user to a regularly oscillating visual stimuli (Calhoun et al, 1995(Calhoun et al, , 1997Jones et al, 1998;Ming et al, 1999;Middendorf et al, 2000). When attending to such a stimuli oscillatory activity at the corresponding frequency in the EEG recorded from the users occipital cortex increases in magnitude.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the control of brain-computer interfaces by users with cerebral palsy

Daly

Billinger

Laparra-Hernández³

et al. 2013

Clinical Neurophysiology

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Highlights1. We conduct a feasibility study with 14 individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) to evaluate their control of two online Brain-computer interfaces. 2. Eight of the individuals with CP were able to control at least one of the BCIs at a statistically significant level of accuracy. 3. Analysis of the results reveals that BCIs may be controlled by some individuals with CP. Abstract ObjectiveBrain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have been proposed as a potential assistive device for individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) to assist with their communication needs. However, it is unclear how well-suited BCIs are to individuals with CP. Therefore, this study aims to investigate to what extent these users are able to gain control of BCIs. MethodsThis study is conducted with 14 individuals with CP attempting to control two standard online BCIs (1) based upon sensorimotor rhythm modulations, and (2) based upon steady state visual evoked potentials.Email address: reinhold.scherer@tugraz.at (Reinhold Scherer*) Preprint submitted to Clinical NeurophysiologyMarch 27, 2013 ResultsOf the 14 users, 8 are able to use one or other of the BCIs, online, with a statistically significant level of accuracy, without prior training. Classification results are driven by neurophysiological activity and not seen to correlate with occurrences of artifacts. However, many of these users' accuracies, while statistically significant, would require either more training or more advanced methods before practical BCI control would be possible. ConclusionsThe results indicate that BCIs may be controlled by individuals with CP but that many issues need to be overcome before practical application use may be achieved. SignificanceThis is the first study to assess the ability of a large group of different individuals with CP to gain control of an online BCI system. The results indicate that six users could control a sensorimotor rhythm BCI and three a steady state visual evoked potential BCI at statistically significant levels of accuracy (SMR accuracies; mean ± STD, 0.821 ± 0.116, SSVEP accuracies; 0.422 ± 0.069).

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EEG-based control for human-computer interaction

Cited by 23 publications

References 7 publications

A Survey of Stimulation Methods Used in SSVEP-Based BCIs

A Survey of Stimulation Methods Used in SSVEP-Based BCIs

Assessing the quality of steady-state visual-evoked potentials for moving humans using a mobile electroencephalogram headset

On the control of brain-computer interfaces by users with cerebral palsy

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