EEG theta activity and pain insensitivity in self-injurious borderline patients

Russ, Mark J.; Campbell, Scott S.; Kakuma, Tatsuyuki; Harrison, Katherine; Zanine, Elizabeth

doi:10.1016/s0165-1781(99)00113-4

Cited by 89 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…These findings corroborate with previous studies that have suggested an association of mediumistic and spirit possession experiences with greater theta and beta power 18,19 , as well as an association of dissociation with greater theta power 9,10 . However, contrary to the cases reported by Oohashi et al 19 and Delorme et al 18 , we found no between-group difference in alpha power during the mediumistic communication.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Likewise, both in pathological and non-pathological contexts, EEG theta activity was positively correlated with DES (Dissociative Experiences Scale) scores 9,10 . The coherence is a measure that quantifies the covariation of power spectra within specific frequency bands among pairs of EEG electrodes, being an index of synchronization between cortical areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Greater pain insensitivity in carriers of dissociative disorders has been associated with higher electroencephalographic (EEG) theta activity 9 . Likewise, both in pathological and non-pathological contexts, EEG theta activity was positively correlated with DES (Dissociative Experiences Scale) scores 9,10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Frontal electroencephalographic (EEG) activity and mediumship: a comparative study between spiritist mediums and controls

Bastos¹,

Bastos²,

Osório³

et al. 2016

Arch. Clin. Psychiatry (São Paulo)

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Mediumship and spirit possession are cultural phenomena found worldwide. The Spiritism, popular in Brazil, is a religious tradition that emphasizes mediumship. The "absorption hypothesis" (the association of marked increases in focused attention with concomitant decreases in self-awareness) is one of the neuropsychological explanatory theories for these experiences. We measured electroencephalographic (EEG) spectral power in frontal electrodes within theta, alpha and beta bandwidths, as well as cross-regional cortical coherences, in female Spiritist experienced mediums (n = 10) and in female non-medium control subjects from the same religious context (n = 10). Scalp EEG signals were captured simultaneously from participants in each of the two groups in three different moments: before, during and immediately after mediumistically speaking. Compared to non-medium controls, the mediums had greater beta power on some electrodes in all phases of the experiment, greater theta power on one electrode at the communication phase and greater alpha power on one electrode at the post-communication phase. No condition effects (within-group comparisons) were detected in any group. No group effects were noted for cross regional cortical coherences. No ictal EEG pattern was observed, except for one participant in the mediums group. These findings support the hypothesis that absorption could have a mechanistic role in anomalous sensorial experiences such as mediumship. The coherence pattern in mediums during the anomalous experience differed from prior studies on pathological dissociation and on hypnotic states. Cognitive control processes seem to be engaged during the anomalous sensorial experiences.Bastos Jr. MAV et al. / Arch Clin Psychiatry. 2016;43(2):20-6

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Frontal electroencephalographic (EEG) activity and mediumship: a comparative study between spiritist mediums and controls

Bastos¹,

Bastos²,

Osório³

et al. 2016

Arch. Clin. Psychiatry (São Paulo)

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“…Six of the cross-sectional studies reported information regarding participants' ethnicity (Bresin & Gordon, 2013a;Franklin et al, 2012Franklin et al, , 2011Gratz et al, 2011;Russ et al, 1999;Weinberg & Klonsky, 2012). The majority of participants across all samples were White.…”

Section: Sample Characteristics: Ethnicity Age and Gendermentioning

confidence: 99%

Pain and self-harm: A systematic review

Kirtley

O’Carroll

O’Connor

2016

Journal of Affective Disorders

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BackgroundA growing body of research has explored altered physical pain threshold and tolerance in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidal self-harm. The evidence, however, is inconsistent such that the nature of the relationship is unclear, and whether or not this effect is also present in suicidal self-harm is equivocal. MethodsA keyword search of three major psychological and medical databases (PsycINFO, Medline and Web of Knowledge) was conducted, yielding 1,873 records. Following duplicate removal and screening, 25 articles were quality assessed, and included in the final systematic review. ResultsThere is strong evidence for increased pain tolerance in NSSI, and some evidence for this in suicidal individuals, but notably, there were no prospective studies. The review found a lack of substantive focus on psychological correlates of altered pain tolerance in this population. Several candidate explanatory mechanisms were proposed within the reviewed studies. LimitationsThe current review was a narrative systematic review; methods used to assess pain were considered too heterogeneous to conduct a meta-analysis. ConclusionsThe evidence suggests that there is elevated pain tolerance among those who engage in NSSI. Future prospective research should determine if altered pain tolerance is a cause or a consequence of the behaviour. The identification of psychological correlates of increased pain tolerance is a neglected area of research. It could provide opportunities for treatment/intervention development, if mediating or moderating pathways can be identified. Too few studies have directly investigated candidate explanatory mechanisms to draw definitive conclusions.

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“…For example, a recent study found that regional brain metabolism in prefrontal regions was negatively correlated with selfreported hostility [28]. Similarly, using EEG, researchers have found that theta activity in individuals with BPD was correlated with dissociative experiences and pain ratings [195]. Future work would benefit from determining whether the findings converge across the neuroimaging modalities.…”

Section: Using Functional Neuroimaging To Refine the Diagnostic Constmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Functional Neuroimaging to Refine the Diagnostic Construct of Borderline Personality Disorder

Silverman¹,

Schulz²,

Cullen³

2016

J Neuroimaging Psychiatry Neurol

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EEG theta activity and pain insensitivity in self-injurious borderline patients

Cited by 89 publications

References 59 publications

Frontal electroencephalographic (EEG) activity and mediumship: a comparative study between spiritist mediums and controls

Frontal electroencephalographic (EEG) activity and mediumship: a comparative study between spiritist mediums and controls

Pain and self-harm: A systematic review

Using Functional Neuroimaging to Refine the Diagnostic Construct of Borderline Personality Disorder

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