Efektifitas individual work system untuk meningkatkan kemandirian penyelesaian tugas anak dengan autisme

Abstract

Individual work systems develop independence by organizing tasks and activities that can be carried out by individuals with ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorder). This research develops a work system that can help organize the task using the visual-spatial strengths of children with ASD.The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of Individual Work System for students with ASD making easier to understand the given instructions and respond appropriately. The research is being conducted by applying individual work system for students with ASD to improve completing the task. This research uses quasi experimental using reversal design A-B design in five subjects diagnosed with mild autism, aged elementary school, had problems in completing the tasks and have ability to simple instruction. The data collection tool uses observations that assess off-task/on-task behavior, teacher prompting, task completion. Data obtained were analyzed using the non-parametric Wilcoxon statistical test. The result showed that the intervention using that idividual work system was effective increase independence of task completion for student with autism. Keywords: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD); Independence of task completion; Individual work system AbstrakIndividual work systems atau sistem kerja individu mengembangkan kemandirian dengan cara mengorganisasikan tugas dan aktivitas yang dapat dipahami oleh individu dengan ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorder). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektivitas Individual Work System siswa dengan (ASD). Penelitian ini menciptakan struktur kerja yang dapat membantu mengorganisir penugasan yang dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan kekuatan visual-spasial anak ASD. Kurangnya kemandirian pada anak ASD terlihat pada seringkali guru membantu atau mengarahkan anak ASD dalam menyelesaikan tugas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektifitas Individual Work System anak dengan ASD sehingga lebih mudah memahami intruksi yang diberikan dan berespon dengan tepat. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain reversal dengan jenis A-B design pada lima orang subjek yang telah didiagnosis autisme sedang, berusia sekolah dasar, mempunyai permasalahan dalam penyelesaian tugas dan telah mampu mengikuti perintah sederhana. Alat pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi yang disusun oleh peneliti yang terdiri dari respon off-task/on-task, teacher prompting, dan task completion. Data penelitian dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji statistik non-parametric Wilcoxon. Hasil analisis data statistik menunjukkan bahwa individual work system efektif meningkatkan kemandirian penyelesaian tugas anak ASD. Kata kunci: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD); Individual work system; Kemandirian penyelesaian tugas.

Implementation of the Teacch Approach on Repetitive Behavior and Limited Interest in Children with Autism

“…According to (Istiqomah, 2019) explains that the TEACCH approach is used to increase the desired behaviour with a visual-based communication system in which the environment that must be adapted specifically for children with autism to minimize children's difficulties in adapting to the environment and in communicating. TEACCH applies a work system for children with autism which will result in an environmental setting that is equipped with visual support so that children know their tasks, what to do, the number of tasks that must be completed and when the task ends.…”