Efektivitas Ekstrak Etanol Daun Limau Kuit (Citrus hystrix DC) sebagai Repelen terhadap Nyamuk Aedes aegypti

Abstract

Indonesia is one of the largest countries in the world with a tropical climate. The tropical climate may cause various tropical diseases such as Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF). The primary vector of DHF is the Aedes aegypti mosquito. The prevention of DHF can be done using repellent (mosquito repellent). Natural repellents are limau kuit leaves (Citrus hystrix DC). Limau kuit leaves contain secondary compounds, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins that have the potential as repellents. The study's general objective was to test the effectiveness of the ethanol extract of the limau kuit leaves extract against the Aedes aegypti mosquito. This research was a true experimental study with posttest only with control group design, consisting of 4 concentrations of ethanol extract of limau kuit leaves, namely 12.5%, 25%, 50%, 100%, DEET 15% (positive control), and aquadest (negative control) with four replications. Serial consentrations extract of limau kuit leaves, K(-) and K(+), were applied to the backs of mice exposed to mosquitoes for 5 minutes for every minute. The results showed that all concentrations were effective as repellents. The 100% concentration at every minute had no significant difference with the positive control (p>0.05). The conclusions from this research were etanol extact of limau kuit leaves with concentrations of 12.5%,25%,50%, and 100% was effective as a mosquito repellent Aedes aegypti, and ethanol extract of limau kuit leaves with a concentration of 100% was equivalent to 15% DEET. Keywords: Aedes aegypti, limau kuit leaves, repellent Abstrak: Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara terbesar di dunia yang memiliki iklim tropis. Iklim tropis menimbulkan berbagai macam penyakit tropis yang salah satunya dapat disebabkan oleh nyamuk, seperti Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD). Vektor utama DBD adalah nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Pencegahan penyakit ini dapat dilaksanakan melalui beragam cara atau mekanisme, termasuk penggunaan repelen atau penolak nyamuk. Tanaman yang dapat digunakan sebagai repelen alami adalah daun limau kuit (Citrus hystrix DC). Daun limau kuit mengandung senyawa sekunder, seperti flavonoid, alkaloid, dan tanin yang berpotensi sebagai repelen. Tujuan umum penelitian adalah menguji efektivitas repelen ekstrak etanol daun limau kuit terhadap nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental murni dengan posttest only with control grup design, terdiri dari 4 konsentrasi ekstrak etanol daun limau kuit yaitu 12,5%,25%,50%,100%, DEET15%(Kontrol positif) dan aquadest(Kontrol negatif) dengan pengulangan sebanyak 4 kali. Serial konsentrasi ekstrak etanol daun limau kuit, K(-) dan K(+) dioleskan ke punggung mencit yang dipaparkan nyamuk selama 5 menit setiap periode pengamatan pada semua menit. Konsentrasi 100% pada semua menit tidak memiliki perbedaan bermakna dengan kontrol positif(p>0,05). Simpulan dari hasil penelitian ini adalah ekstrak etanol daun limau kuit dengan konsentrasi 12,5%,25%,50%,dan 100% efektif sebagai repelen nyamuk Aedes aegypti dan ekstrak etanol daun limau kuit dengan konsentrasi 100% efektif sebagai repelen setara dengan DEET15%. Kata-Kata Kunci: Aedes aegypti, daun limau kuit, repelen

The Effectiveness of Various Essential Oils on the Market as Aedes Aegypti Mosquito Repellent

“…Meanwhile, essential oils' ability to repel mosquito bites is related to the chemical components that act as repellents, as well as the aroma produced by the essential oils. Aedes aegypti mosquito has anthropophilic properties which means it prefers to suck human blood rather than animal blood (52). Human skin secretes lactic acid and excretory products, such as carbon dioxide that mosquitoes can use to detect human odors and presence (53).…”