Effect of 5-azacytidine on in vitro biofilm formation of Streptococcus pneumoniae

Yadav, Mukesh; Chae, Sung Won; Song, Jae Jun

doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2012.08.003

Cited by 28 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Although understanding of the processes of biofilm formation remains incomplete, all the above processes can be affected by environmental parameters, such as metal ions (Rinaudi et al 2006;Song and Leff 2006;Cruz et al 2012;Booth et al 2013;Shukla and Rao 2013), and bactericides (Dong et al 2012;Yadav et al 2012) in a variety of microorganisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of metal ions and isothiazolones in inhibiting Enterobacter cloacae BF-17 biofilm formation

Zhou

Shi

et al. 2014

Can. J. Microbiol.

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Enterobacter cloacae is a nosocomial pathogen. The E. cloacae strain BF-17, with a high capacity for biofilm formation, was screened and identified from industrially contaminated samples, carried out in our laboratory. To develop an efficient strategy to deal with biofilms, we investigated the effects of metal ions, including Na⁺, K⁺, Ca⁺, Mg⁺, Cu⁺, and Mn⁺, and 3 isothiazolones, on elimination of E. cloacae BF-17 biofilm formation by using a 0.1% crystal violet staining method. The results revealed that higher concentrations of Na⁺ or K⁺ significantly inhibited E. cloacae BF-17 biofilm development. Meanwhile, Ca²⁺ and Mn²⁺ stimulated biofilm formation at low concentration but exhibited a negative effect at high concentration. Moreover, biofilm formation decreased with increasing concentration of Mg²⁺ and Cu²⁺. The isothiazolones Kathon (14%), 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one (11%), and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (10%) stimulated initial biofilm formation but not planktonic growth at low concentrations and displayed inhibitory effects on both biofilm formation and planktonic growth at higher concentrations. Unfortunately, the 3 isothiazolones exerted negligible effects on preformed or fully mature biofilms. Our findings suggest that Na⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, and isothiazolones could be used to prevent and eliminate E. cloacae BF-17 biofilms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of metal ions and isothiazolones in inhibiting Enterobacter cloacae BF-17 biofilm formation

Zhou

Shi

et al. 2014

Can. J. Microbiol.

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“…Previous studies reported that cultures of Vibrio cholerae and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) strain O157:H7 treated with MTA/SAH nucleosidase inhibitors did not synthesize AI-2 and showed reduced biofilm formation [39]. In a previous study, 5-azacytidine, a hypomethylating drug, demonstrated similar downregulation of genes of AMC [34]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Primers for speE gene were designed by standard procedures from the nucleotide sequence of S. pneumoniae D39 strain (Table 1). The primers used for luxS , pfs, and gyrB (house-keeping) genes were previously reported [31, 34]. Real-time RT-PCR was carried out in total volume of 20 μ L, consisting of 10 μ L of 2X SYBR Green PCR Master Mix (Roche Applied Science, Indianapolis, IN, USA), 3 pmol of each forward and reverse primers, 4 μ L cDNA, and nuclease-free water.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sinefungin, a Natural Nucleoside Analogue of S-Adenosylmethionine, InhibitsStreptococcus pneumoniaeBiofilm Growth

Yadav

Park

Chae

et al. 2014

BioMed Research International

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Pneumococcal colonization and disease is often associated with biofilm formation, in which the bacteria exhibit elevated resistance both to antibiotics and to host defense systems, often resulting in infections that are persistent and difficult to treat. We evaluated the effect of sinefungin, a nucleoside analogue of S-adenosylmethionine, on pneumococcal in vitro biofilm formation and in vivo colonization. Sinefungin is bacteriostatic to pneumococci and significantly decreased biofilm growth and inhibited proliferation and structure of actively growing biofilms but did not alter growth or the matrix structure of established biofilms. Sinefungin significantly reduced pneumococcal colonization in rat middle ear. The quorum sensing molecule (autoinducer-2) production was significantly reduced by 92% in sinefungin treated samples. The luxS, pfs, and speE genes were downregulated in biofilms grown in the presence of sinefungin. This study shows that sinefungin inhibits pneumococcal biofilm growth in vitro and colonization in vivo, decreases AI-2 production, and downregulates luxS, pfs, and speE gene expressions. Therefore, the S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) inhibitors could be used as lead compounds for the development of novel antibiofilm agents against pneumococci.

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“…A recent study by Domenech et al (2011) found a ∼80% reduction of pneumococcal biofilms when preformed biofilms were incubated with the amidase LytA, which is encoded and produced by the pneumococcus and other related streptococci [55]. Dispersion of ∼70% of pneumococcal biofilms have been also achieved incubating with 5-azacytidine (5-aza), an analog of the pyrimidine nucleoside cytidine [56]. A paper by Trapetti et al (2009) showed that neuraminidase inhibitors DANA (i.e., 2,3-didehydro-2-deoxy-N-acetylneuraminic acid), zanamivir, and oseltamivir inhibit the capacity of pneumococci to form sialic acid-dependent biofilms [57].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

220D-F2 from Rubus ulmifolius Kills Streptococcus pneumoniae Planktonic Cells and Pneumococcal Biofilms

et al. 2014

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Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) forms organized biofilms to persist in the human nasopharynx. This persistence allows the pneumococcus to produce severe diseases such as pneumonia, otitis media, bacteremia and meningitis that kill nearly a million children every year. While bacteremia and meningitis are mediated by planktonic pneumococci, biofilm structures are present during pneumonia and otitis media. The global emergence of S. pneumoniae strains resistant to most commonly prescribed antibiotics warrants further discovery of alternative therapeutics. The present study assessed the antimicrobial potential of a plant extract, 220D-F2, rich in ellagic acid, and ellagic acid derivatives, against S. pneumoniae planktonic cells and biofilm structures. Our studies first demonstrate that, when inoculated together with planktonic cultures, 220D-F2 inhibited the formation of pneumococcal biofilms in a dose-dependent manner. As measured by bacterial counts and a LIVE/DEAD bacterial viability assay, 100 and 200 µg/ml of 220D-F2 had significant bactericidal activity against pneumococcal planktonic cultures as early as 3 h post-inoculation. Quantitative MIC’s, whether quantified by qPCR or dilution and plating, showed that 80 µg/ml of 220D-F2 completely eradicated overnight cultures of planktonic pneumococci, including antibiotic resistant strains. When preformed pneumococcal biofilms were challenged with 220D-F2, it significantly reduced the population of biofilms 3 h post-inoculation. Minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC)50 was obtained incubating biofilms with 100 µg/ml of 220D-F2 for 3 h and 6 h of incubation. 220D-F2 also significantly reduced the population of pneumococcal biofilms formed on human pharyngeal cells. Our results demonstrate potential therapeutic applications of 220D-F2 to both kill planktonic pneumococcal cells and disrupt pneumococcal biofilms.

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Effect of 5-azacytidine on in vitro biofilm formation of Streptococcus pneumoniae

Cited by 28 publications

References 46 publications

Efficacy of metal ions and isothiazolones in inhibiting Enterobacter cloacae BF-17 biofilm formation

Efficacy of metal ions and isothiazolones in inhibiting Enterobacter cloacae BF-17 biofilm formation

Sinefungin, a Natural Nucleoside Analogue of S-Adenosylmethionine, InhibitsStreptococcus pneumoniaeBiofilm Growth

220D-F2 from Rubus ulmifolius Kills Streptococcus pneumoniae Planktonic Cells and Pneumococcal Biofilms

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