Effect of 5-fluorouracil versus Cisplatin in combination with clove oil in management of Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma cell lines

Abstract

Purpose: In an attempt to reduce side effects of cancer chemotherapeutic drugs with the use of the natural product such as clove oil, as it considered that natural resources had always been a better supplement than chemicals in drug manufacture and disease treatment especially that chemicals often have hazardous short or long term side effects. The present examination was done to think about the impact of blend of clove oil with 5-fluorouracil versus clove oil with cisplatin in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Material and methods: All tested sets were examined to evaluate cytotoxic effect of tested drugs by MTT assay, cell cycle analysis and level of apoptosis by flowcytometery. Result: Cell cycle analysis demonstrated that the combination of cisplatin and clove oil exhibited an increase in the percentage of apoptotic cells during the Pre-G1 phase recording 33.15%, compared to that treated with a mix of clove oil and 5-fluorouracil recording a percentage of apoptotic cells recording 16.12% while in control cells the percentage of apoptotic cells at Pre-G1 phase recording 0.92% (P-value<0.01). And also the combination of cisplatin and clove oil exhibited an increase in the percentage of cell growth arrest during the G2/M phase recording 30.1%, compared to that treated with a combination of clove oil and 5-fluorouracil recording a percentage 22.51% while in control cells the percentage of cell growth arrest at G2/M phase recording 7.11% (P-value < 0.01). Conclusion: The cell cycle analysis demonstrated that the blend of cisplatin and clove oil displayed an expansion in the level of cell development capture amid the G2/M stage contrasted with other tried and it showed an expansion in the level of apoptotic cells amid the Pre-G1 stage contrasted with other tried sets.

The cytotoxic potential for Syzygium aromaticum and Nigella sativa essential oil compared to doxorubicin against pancreatic, colonic, and cervical cancer cell lines.

“…Other researchers found that combining eugenol and cisplatin in a treatment led to the activation of apoptotic reactions in human melanoma G361 cells by decreasing Bcl-2 [50]. Also, the reduction in the expressions of Bcl-2 protein and COX-2 in HeLa cells after treatment with eugenol was detected by Western blotting assay [51]. Many studies use natural and risk-free compounds to reduce the serious adverse effects caused by doxorubicin and boost its overall activity.…”

“…Thus, it was clear that even low doses of clove oil can cause significant damage to DNA and increase the rate of DNA fragmentation hence the apoptosis as well, more than the doxorubicin dose. Park et al, 2011 showed that when eugenol and cisplatin were used together, they triggered apoptosis in human melanoma G361 cells by disrupting their DNA, decreasing their MMP and proteasome activity, reducing their DNA content, releasing cytochrome c into the cytosol, and activating caspase-9, -7, and -3 [50,51].…”

Anticancer activity of food grade nanoemulsions on hepatic cancer cells: a comparative study

“…Therefore, it is required to discover safe as well as e cient therapeutic tools to aide undesirable side effects in human liver cancer therapy. In this regard, natural products have been proved as successful resource of potential pharmaceutical agent (Esmail et al 2019). Natural products, especially derived from plants, are found to be effective in cancer chemoprevention and therapy (Pavithra et al 2019) Recently, nanoemulsions (NEs) also have gained a tremendous attention because of their potential in a wide variety of applications including cosmetic, food and pharmaceutical industry applications.…”