Effect of a 12-Week Low vs. High Intensity Aerobic Exercise Training on Appetite-Regulating Hormones in Obese Adolescents: A Randomized Exercise Intervention Study

Abstract

Little is known about how the intensity of aerobic training influences appetite-regulating hormones in obese adolescents. Our goal was to assess the effect of low and high intensity aerobic trainings on food intake and appetite-regulating hormones in obese adolescents. Forty three obese adolescents (age: 13-18y, BMI: 34.48 ± 3.94 kg/m2) were randomized into high intensity training (HIT; n = 20) or low intensity training (LIT; n = 23) groups for 12 weeks. All participants also received the same nutritional, psychological and clinical counseling. Pre- and postintervention energy intake (EI) and circulating levels of insulin, leptin, peptide YY3-36 (PYY3-36) and ghrelin were measured. Adolescents in the HIT showed a reduction in total EI and an increase in PYY3-36 (p < .05). Aerobic exercise training performed at ventilatory threshold 1 intensity, reduced EI and augmented PYY3-36 in obese adolescents, compared with LIT. The data suggest that HIT and LIT have differential effects in the regulation of appetite signals and subsequent EI in obese adolescents.

A systematic review and meta‐analysis of energy and macronutrient intake responses to physical activity interventions in children and adolescents with obesity

“…Importantly, Masquio et al classified their population in tertiles according to changes in saturated fatty acid (SFA) by the end of intervention (low reduction in SFA, ‘Low‐SFA’; moderate reduction in SFA, ‘Moderate‐SFA’; and high reduction in SFA, ‘High‐SFA’) . While six studies were conducted in a clinical setting , one was laboratory‐based , and two were community‐based .…”

“…All studies used self‐reported dietary records to assess energy intake, using 3‐d ; 4‐d , 24‐h or 48‐h recalls . Body composition was assessed whether by using skin‐folds air‐displacement plethysmography , biphotonic absorptiometry or bio‐electrical impedance analyses .…”

“…All studies used self‐reported dietary records to assess energy intake, using 3‐d ; 4‐d , 24‐h or 48‐h recalls . Body composition was assessed whether by using skin‐folds air‐displacement plethysmography , biphotonic absorptiometry or bio‐electrical impedance analyses . Blood analysis included glucose, insulin, total High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) and Low density Lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA‐IR) , leptin, adiponectin , ghrelin, Peptide YY (PYY) and serum AgRP, NPY and α ‐MSH concentrations .…”

Physical Activity and Obesity in Pediatric Exercise Science

“…These results suggest that high intensity interval training may be a suitable exercise approach to improve vascular function in both lean and obese boys (3). Further, Prado and colleagues explored the effects of low versus high intensity exercise on food intake and appetite-regulating hormones in obese adolescents (16). Their results showed that food intake was reduced, and PYY was increased significantly in the high intensity exercise group but not in the low intensity group, whereas leptin and ghrelin were significantly reduced in both the light and high intensity exercise groups (16).…”

“…Further, Prado and colleagues explored the effects of low versus high intensity exercise on food intake and appetite-regulating hormones in obese adolescents (16). Their results showed that food intake was reduced, and PYY was increased significantly in the high intensity exercise group but not in the low intensity group, whereas leptin and ghrelin were significantly reduced in both the light and high intensity exercise groups (16). The effects of short-term exercise with and without milk intake on cardiometabolic and inflammatory adaptations in obese adolescents was reported in Liu and colleagues (13).…”