Effect of a 4 week physical training program on plasma concentrations of inflammatory markers in patients with abnormal glucose tolerance

Oberbach, Andreas; Tönjes, Anke; Klöting, Nora; Faßhauer, Mathias; Kratzsch, Jürgen; Busse, Martin; Paschke, Ralf; Stümvoll, Michael; Blüher, Matthias

doi:10.1530/eje.1.02127

Cited by 163 publications

(181 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Subject characteristics Subjects were newly diagnosed as having normal glucose tolerance, impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes on the basis of fasting glucose and 75-g oral glucose tolerance tests [17]. Subjects had never been treated with glucose-lowering medications or insulin.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subjects had never been treated with glucose-lowering medications or insulin. They were a subset of a larger cohort described elsewhere [7,17], and were selected to provide a wide range of insulin sensitivities, as determined by glucose disposal rate (GDR) measured by the euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp with an insulin infusion rate of 20 mU kg −1 min −1 [17]. The relationship between serum RBP4 and GDR in this group was previously found to be independent of age and BMI [7].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shortcomings in methodology complicate measurements of serum retinol binding protein (RBP4) in insulin-resistant human subjects

et al. 2007

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Aims/hypothesis Levels of retinol binding protein (RBP4) are increased in the serum of insulin-resistant human subjects even before overt diabetes develops. RBP4 levels correlate with insulin resistance, BMI, WHR, dyslipidaemia and hypertension. Improvement of insulin sensitivity with exercise training is associated with reduction in serum RBP4 levels. Therefore serum RBP4 may be useful for early diagnosis of insulin resistance and for monitoring improvements in insulin sensitivity. We sought to determine the performance of assays for this application. Subjects and methods We compared quantitative western blotting and three commercially available multiwell immunoassays in parallel measurements of RBP4 concentrations in serum from insulin-sensitive subjects and from insulinresistant subjects with impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes. Results The assays yielded different absolute values and magnitudes of elevation of serum RBP4. Western blotting and a sandwich ELISA reported RBP4 concentrations that highly inversely correlated with insulin sensitivity measured by euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp. However, western blotting yielded concentrations with a greater dynamic range and less overlap between control and insulin-resistant subjects. Two competitive enzyme-linked immunoassays undervalued serum RBP4 concentrations in insulin-resistant subjects, possibly due to assay saturation. Poor linearity of dilution also limited assay utility. All assays tested exhibited greater immunoreactivity with urinary (C-terminal proteolysed) RBP4 than with fulllength RBP4, the predominant form in serum. Conclusions/interpretations These findings support the use of quantitative western blotting standardised to full-length RBP4 protein as a 'gold standard' method for measuring serum RBP4 in insulin-resistant states. Other assays should use full-length RBP4 and be extensively cross-validated using other methods.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shortcomings in methodology complicate measurements of serum retinol binding protein (RBP4) in insulin-resistant human subjects

et al. 2007

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“…mitochondrial function 11 and potentially reduce the level of insulin resistance. 12 Results from exercise training studies have been largely inconclusive, with some supporting the role of exercise training in the modulation of adiponectin [13][14][15] and others fi nding little evidence for a direct exercise-mediated effect. 16,17 Unfortunately, the training regimens from these studies were extremely variable, had a variable infl uence on body weight, incorporated a wide variety of exercise intensities and modalities, and also employed a wide range of individuals.…”

Section: Body Weight and Body Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Exercise Intensity on Abdominal Fat and Adiponectin in Elderly Adults

Coker

Williams

Kortebein

et al. 2009

Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders

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To examine the infl uence of moderate-intensity (50% of VO 2peak ) exercise training (MI) versus high-intensity (75% of VO 2peak ) exercise training (HI) on regional fat distribution and plasma adiponectin, we randomized 18 overweight (body mass index [BMI] = 30 ± 1 kg/m 2 ) elderly (71 ± 1 years) to HI, MI, or a control group (CON). Subjects enrolled in HI or MI completed a 12-week exercise training protocol designed to expend 1000 kcal/ week. Body composition testing was completed prior to and following the exercise training using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and a computed tomography scan. Plasma adiponectin was measured using enzymelinked immunoassay (ELISA). VO 2peak improved in HI and MI, whereas there was no change in VO 2peak in CON. No signifi cant change in body weight, BMI, and % fat occurred in MI, HI, or CON. Although there was a significant reduction in visceral fat with HI (−39 cm 2 ), there was no change in the MI or CON groups. In addition, there was a signifi cant increase in thigh muscle attenuation in the HI group. There were no changes in thigh muscle attenuation in the MI and CON groups. Also, there was no change in plasma adiponectin in the MI, HI, or CON groups. In summary, our direct comparison of exercise intensity without weight loss promotes the effi cacy of HI in the reduction in visceral fat, even without changes in adiponectin.

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“…10 Furthermore, small studies of diabetic patients demonstrated reductions in C-reactive protein levels in the exercise intervention subgroup. 11,12 However, for type 2 diabetes, the association between C-reactive protein and development of cardiovascular disease is still under debate. Moreover, unknown is the extent to which the beneficial combined effects of exercise on metabolism, inflammation and vascular function can be expected to reduce the prevalence of atherosclerotic disease in diabetic patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7,8 Regarding C-reactive protein, some studies on type 2 diabetes reported associations with exercise capacity 9,10 and a reduction in C-reactive protein levels after a program of physical training. 11,12 The aim of this study was to investigate the independent relationships between exercise capacity (evaluated by a self-reported questionnaire and, for a sub-sample of patients, by a standard treadmill test) and ambulatory BP monitoring data, aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV; which reflects arterial stiffness) and C-reactive protein, over and above other known conditions that negatively impact physical activity (such as the presence of chronic degenerative complications, obesity, arterial hypertension and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High fitness is associated with a better cardiovascular risk profile in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

et al. 2011

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Novel cardiovascular risk markers, such as ambulatory blood pressure (BP) and aortic stiffness, have been proposed. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between physical fitness and some of these risk markers in 575 type 2 diabetic patients. In a cross-sectional design, clinical, laboratory, echocardiographic, aortic pulse wave velocity and 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring data were obtained. Fitness was self-reported using a standard questionnaire of daily activities, and then assessed as belonging to one of the three categories: low (o4 metabolic equivalents (METs)), moderate (X4 to o7 METs) and high fitness (X7 METs). In a random sub-sample of 265 patients, self-reported fitness was confirmed by a standard treadmill test. Statistical analysis was carried out, using tests including bivariate tests among the three categories and multivariate logistic regression. Agreement between self-reported and measured fitness was substantial (weighted j: 0.63). High fitness patients were younger, frequently male, had a decreased prevalence of degenerative complications, lower office and ambulatory BP levels, particularly during the night and had an increased prevalence of the normal nocturnal dipping pattern. High fitness patients also had lower hemoglobin A1c and C-reactive protein levels, a decreased prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy and increased aortic stiffness. On multiple logistic regression, after adjustments for several confounders, high fitness was independently associated with a higher likelihood of having low C-reactive protein (odds ratio (OR): 2.3, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3-3.9), controlled nighttime BP (OR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.4-3.8), normal dipping pattern (OR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.2-3.5) and low aortic stiffness (OR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.3-4.8). Patients with moderate fitness had intermediate OR. In conclusion, a moderate to high level of physical fitness was independently associated with several favorable intermediate cardiovascular risk markers, which may contribute to decreasing the burden of morbi-mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes. Hypertension Research (2011) 34, 856-861; doi:10.1038/hr.2011; published online 12 May 2011Keywords: ambulatory blood pressure; aortic stiffness; cardiorespiratory fitness; C-reactive protein; type 2 diabetes INTRODUCTION Studies in type 2 diabetic patients have found that high levels of aerobic fitness are associated with lower levels of overall mortality and mortality due to cardiovascular events, independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. 1,2 However, the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and some recently described non-traditional cardiovascular risk factors, such as ambulatory blood pressures (BPs), aortic stiffness and C-reactive protein, has not been as well characterized for type 2 diabetic patients. Whether these factors contribute independently to low fitness or merely reflect more advanced cardiovascular complications is unknown.Compared with office BPs, ambulatory BPs are stronger cardiovascular risk predictors...

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Effect of a 4 week physical training program on plasma concentrations of inflammatory markers in patients with abnormal glucose tolerance

Cited by 163 publications

References 31 publications

Shortcomings in methodology complicate measurements of serum retinol binding protein (RBP4) in insulin-resistant human subjects

Shortcomings in methodology complicate measurements of serum retinol binding protein (RBP4) in insulin-resistant human subjects

Influence of Exercise Intensity on Abdominal Fat and Adiponectin in Elderly Adults

High fitness is associated with a better cardiovascular risk profile in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

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