Effect of a Combination of Rosa canina Fruits and Apple Cider Vinegar against Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Toxicity in Experimental Animal Models

Abstract

Oxidative stress is the trigger of several diseases. It is an imbalance between the production of free radicals and antioxidants. This study aims to evaluate the antioxidant capacity and the protective property of Rosa canina fruits and apple cider vinegar combined or not against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced toxicity in Wistar rats. The experiment included five groups: group 1 received distilled water (10 mL/kg b.wt), group 2 received H2O2 10% (10 mL/kg b.wt), group 3 received H2O2 10% (10 mL/kg b.wt) and apple vinegar (2 mL/kg b.wt); group 4 received H2O2 10% (10 mL/kg b.wt) and apple vinegar supplemented with Rosa canina fruits extract (300 mg/kg b.wt); group 5 received H2O2 10% (10 mL/kg b.wt) and extract of Rosa canina fruits (300 mg/kg b.wt). The doses were given once daily via a gavage. The antioxidant capacity of apple vinegar and Rosa canina extract was analyzed, and AST, ALT, PAL, urea, and creatinine were determined on day 22 of the experiment. In addition, the kidney and the liver tissues were analyzed. The results showed that H2O2 caused a significant elevation of blood urea, blood creatinine, and transaminases. The histopathology examination revealed that H2O2 caused congestion, hemorrhage, and Bowman’s space enlarged. On the other hand, the results clearly showed that apple vinegar and Rosa canina fruits counterbalance the biochemical and histological changes induced by H2O2. In conclusion, the two natural products studied in this work are effective against the harmful effect of oxidative stress, which explains their use in traditional medicine.

Anti-Anemic Effect of Antioxidant-Rich Apple Vinegar against Phenylhydrazine-Induced Hemolytic Anemia in Rats

“…The same findings were evoked by [41]. In relation to our previous studies, recently, we proved that apple vinegar exhibited an important antioxidant effect in vivo against hydrogen peroxide at the dose of 10 mL/kg b.w during 22 days of treatment by reducing liver and kidney damage and decreasing hepatic enzymes and creatinine [38]. These protective effects were related to the phenolic and flavonoid contents of apple vinegar [38].…”

“…A large number of natural products are widely used in folk medicine to prevent and/or to alleviate anemia, including herbs and bee products [27][28][29]. Additionally, fruit by-products such as apple vinegar have been documented as having several biological properties due to its rich composition in phenolic compounds [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]. Apple vinegar is considered to be an antioxidant, antihyperglyceamic, antihyperlipidimic and hepato-nephroprotective agent [39][40][41][42].…”

GC–MS Based Metabolite profiling, Antioxidant and Antiurolithiatic Properties of Apple Cider Vinegar

“…ACV exhibited dose-dependent radical scavenging activity against free radicals. DPPH Alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, saponins, steroids, tannins and terpenoids can be found in novel sources through phytochemical screening, which is crucial for both industrial and therapeutic purposes [ 20 ]. The phytochemical screening of ACV disclosed the presence of constituents like flavonoids, polyphenols, etc., which have been proven against free radical scavenging and anticancer actions.…”

“…It is fundamental to do further research to determine the therapeutic effects by screening the bioactive components of medicinal plants. Maceration was used to extract the substance using ethanol and water in a 70:30 ratio [ 20 ]. Whole fruits were chopped into small pieces (seeds were taken out) to obtain homogeneous samples.…”

“…ACV may aid in the management of Type 2 diabetes and neurological diseases by helping to reduce blood glucose and lipids, weight reduction and hypertension [ 19 ]. It makes sense that ACV and Rosa canina fruits are used in traditional medicine because they effectively combat the detrimental effects of oxidative stress and counteract the biochemical and histological alterations from H 2 O 2 [ 20 , 21 ]. The application of 45 ml ACV per day is sought to help normalize fat reserves and body weight without causing any negative side effects [ 22 ].…”