Effect of a Dual Task on Postural Control in Dyslexic Children

Legrand, Agathe; Bui-Quoc, Emmanuel; Doré-Mazars, Karine; Lemoine, C.; Gérard, Christophe; Bucci, Maria Pia

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0035301

Cited by 43 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Moreover, in the condition without vibration, the attentional performance of dyslexics was significantly impaired compared to that of the non-dyslexic group of children. Our group [13] also reported that children with dyslexia were significantly more unstable than non-dyslexic children when reading text silently. Taken together, all these findings suggest that the cerebellum, which is responsible for the integration of proprioceptive inputs during balance, could be impaired in the dyslexic population.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 51%

The Effect of a Stroop-like Task on Postural Control in Dyslexic Children

2013

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The influence of a secondary task on concurrent postural control was explored in twenty-one dyslexic children (mean age: 10.4±0.3 years). Data were compared with twenty age-matched non-dyslexic children. As a secondary task, a modified Stroop test was used, in which words were replaced with pictures of fruits. The postural control of children was recorded in standard Romberg condition as the children were asked to name the colour of fruits appearing consecutively on a computer screen. Two conditions were tested: a congruent condition, in which the fruit was drawn in its natural ripe colour, and a non-congruent colour condition (NC), in which the fruit was drawn in three abnormal colours. A fixating condition was used as baseline. We analyzed the surface, length and mean speed of the center of pressure and measured the number of correct responses in the Stroop-like tasks. Dyslexic children were seen to be significantly more unstable than non-dyslexic ones. For both groups of children, the secondary task significantly increased postural instability in comparison with the fixating condition. The number of correct responses in the modified Stroop task was significantly higher in the non-dyslexic than in the dyslexic group. The postural instability observed in dyslexic children is in line with the cerebellar hypothesis and supports the idea of a deficit in automatic performance in such children. Furthermore, in accordance with cross domain competition model, our findings show that attentional resources are used to a greater extent by the secondary task than in controlling body stability.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 51%

The Effect of a Stroop-like Task on Postural Control in Dyslexic Children

2013

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“…It is possible that this difference is due to the fact that the study examined older dyslexics with postural characteristics closer to those of adults (age range of 14–17 years). Other researchers, in examining the effect of a dual task on postural control in dyslexic children, studied 18 dyslexic children (mean age 10.3 ± 1.2 years) who were compared with 18 nondyslexic children of similar ages, seemed to have confirmed that dyslexic children are significantly more unstable during the reading task compared with a simple reflex horizontal and vertical saccades task 113. This postural instability could indicate that such children lack the integration of multiple sensorimotor inputs.…”

Section: Visual Therapy For Dyslexiamentioning

confidence: 92%

Developmental dyslexia and vision

Quercia¹,

Feiss²,

Michel³

2013

OPTH

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Developmental dyslexia affects almost 10% of school-aged children and represents a significant public health problem. Its etiology is unknown. The consistent presence of phonological difficulties combined with an inability to manipulate language sounds and the grapheme–phoneme conversion is widely acknowledged. Numerous scientific studies have also documented the presence of eye movement anomalies and deficits of perception of low contrast, low spatial frequency, and high frequency temporal visual information in dyslexics. Anomalies of visual attention with short visual attention spans have also been demonstrated in a large number of cases. Spatial orientation is also affected in dyslexics who manifest a preference for spatial attention to the right. This asymmetry may be so pronounced that it leads to a veritable neglect of space on the left side. The evaluation of treatments proposed to dyslexics whether speech or oriented towards the visual anomalies remains fragmentary. The advent of new explanatory theories, notably cerebellar, magnocellular, or proprioceptive, is an incentive for ophthalmologists to enter the world of multimodal cognition given the importance of the eye’s visual input.

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“…Moreover, significant differences on postural control performance between dyslexic children and age- and gender-matched controls were also reported in previous studies involving dual task. These studies clearly demonstrated that the postural control of dyslexic children was highly impaired by addition of a second task that increases attentional demands [5–7]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensorimotor Integration in Dyslexic Children under Different Sensory Stimulations

et al. 2013

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Dyslexic children, besides difficulties in mastering literacy, also show poor postural control that might be related to how sensory cues coming from different sensory channels are integrated into proper motor activity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the relationship between sensory information and body sway, with visual and somatosensory information manipulated independent and concurrently, in dyslexic children. Thirty dyslexic and 30 non-dyslexic children were asked to stand as still as possible inside of a moving room either with eyes closed or open and either lightly touching a moveable surface or not for 60 seconds under five experimental conditions: (1) no vision and no touch; (2) moving room; (3) moving bar; (4) moving room and stationary touch; and (5) stationary room and moving bar. Body sway magnitude and the relationship between room/bar movement and body sway were examined. Results showed that dyslexic children swayed more than non-dyslexic children in all sensory condition. Moreover, in those trials with conflicting vision and touch manipulation, dyslexic children swayed less coherent with the stimulus manipulation compared to non-dyslexic children. Finally, dyslexic children showed higher body sway variability and applied higher force while touching the bar compared to non-dyslexic children. Based upon these results, we can suggest that dyslexic children are able to use visual and somatosensory information to control their posture and use the same underlying neural control processes as non-dyslexic children. However, dyslexic children show poorer performance and more variability while relating visual and somatosensory information and motor action even during a task that does not require an active cognitive and motor involvement. Further, in sensory conflict conditions, dyslexic children showed less coherent and more variable body sway. These results suggest that dyslexic children have difficulties in multisensory integration because they may suffer from integrating sensory cues coming from multiple sources.

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Effect of a Dual Task on Postural Control in Dyslexic Children

Cited by 43 publications

References 60 publications

The Effect of a Stroop-like Task on Postural Control in Dyslexic Children

The Effect of a Stroop-like Task on Postural Control in Dyslexic Children

Developmental dyslexia and vision

Sensorimotor Integration in Dyslexic Children under Different Sensory Stimulations

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