Effect of a Fermented Brown Rice Extract on the Gastrointestinal Function in Methotrexate-Treated Rats

Ochiai, Masaru; Shiomi, Saho; Ushikubo, Shun; Inai, Reiko; Matsuo, Tatsuhiro

doi:10.1271/bbb.120638

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…These interactions are mediated by the neural, endocrine, and immune systems to maintain intestinal homeostasis [2]; however, homeostatic dysfunction can significantly affect host immunity and the course of chronic inflammation [3]. Some probiotics and polysaccharides have been found to regulate intestinal and immune homeostasis; for instance, probiotic Bifidobacterium bifidum alleviates dysbiosis and constipation in mice induced by a low-fiber diet [4], while grains fermented with Aspergillus oryzae can protect against chronic constipation and gastrointestinal damage [5,6]. In addition, the soluble dietary fiber β-1,3-glucan from seaweed has been shown to suppress intestinal inflammation in mouse models of human inflammatory bowel disease by increasing the Lactobacillus population and the number of regulatory T cells in the colon [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Euglena Gracilis and β-Glucan Paramylon Induce Ca2+ Signaling in Intestinal Tract Epithelial, Immune, and Neural Cells

Yasuda¹,

Nakashima²,

Murata³

et al. 2020

Nutrients

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The intestinal tract contains over half of all immune cells and peripheral nerves and manages the beneficial interactions between food compounds and the host. Paramylon is a β-1,3-glucan storage polysaccharide from Euglena gracilis (Euglena) that exerts immunostimulatory activities by affecting cytokine production. This study investigated the signaling mechanisms that regulate the beneficial interactions between food compounds and the intestinal tract using cell type-specific calcium (Ca2+) imaging in vivo and in vitro. We successfully visualized Euglena- and paramylon-mediated Ca2+ signaling in vivo in intestinal epithelial cells from mice ubiquitously expressing the Yellow Cameleon 3.60 (YC3.60) Ca2+ biosensor. Moreover, in vivo Ca2+ imaging demonstrated that the intraperitoneal injection of both Euglena and paramylon stimulated dendritic cells (DCs) in Peyer’s patches, indicating that paramylon is an active component of Euglena that affects the immune system. In addition, in vitro Ca2+ imaging in dorsal root ganglia indicated that Euglena, but not paramylon, triggers Ca2+ signaling in the sensory nervous system innervating the intestine. Thus, this study is the first to successfully visualize the direct effect of β-1,3-glucan on DCs in vivo and will help elucidate the mechanisms via which Euglena and paramylon exert various effects in the intestinal tract.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Euglena Gracilis and β-Glucan Paramylon Induce Ca2+ Signaling in Intestinal Tract Epithelial, Immune, and Neural Cells

Yasuda¹,

Nakashima²,

Murata³

et al. 2020

Nutrients

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“…Several studies have investigated the anti-colitis effects of processed RB in animal models, focusing on rice bran oil [ 12 ], brown rice fermented by Aspergillus oryzae [ 5 , 13 ], enzyme-treated rice fiber [ 8 ], and RB fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus plantarum [ 3 ]. Processed RB is enriched for different ingredients to varying degrees because of different fermentation processes and preparation methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Supplementation of Fermented Rice Bran Effectively Alleviates Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colitis in Mice

et al. 2017

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Rice bran (RB) is a major by-product of rice polishing and a rich source of bioactive compounds. Here, we investigated the anti-colitis effect of diet supplementation with fermented rice bran (FRB) in a murine model of ulcerative colitis. FRB was prepared by dual fermentation of RB using fungi and lactic acid bacteria. Colitis was induced in C57Bl/6N male mice (n = 8/group) by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Body weight change, disease activity index (DAI), histopathology score, tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, cytokine and chemokine transcript levels, and the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and mucin in the colonic tissue were monitored. Based on histopathology scores, DSS induced severe mucosal inflammation, with an increased loss of crypts, and inflammatory cell infiltration in the control and RB groups, but not in the FRB group. MPO activity, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance levels, and pro-inflammatory cytokine transcript (Tnf-α, Il-1β, Il-6, and Il-17) levels were significantly higher in the control and RB groups than in the FRB group. Thus, dietary FRB attenuated intestinal inflammation owing to elevated SCFAs and tryptamine production, which might regulate tight junction barrier integrity and intestinal homeostasis. These results suggest that FRB could comprise an effective potential preventive agent for ulcerative colitis.

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“…Ochiai et al [28] reported the preventive effects of a hydrous ethanol extract of FBRA on gastrointestinal damage in a methotrexate (MTX)-treated animal model. FBRA extract contains nucleobases and low dietary fiber content, although FBRA generally contains abundant dietary fiber.…”

Section: Anti-colitis Effects Of Brown Rice Fermented By Aspergillus mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FBRA extract contains nucleobases and low dietary fiber content, although FBRA generally contains abundant dietary fiber. Moreover, MTX treatment of an animal model resulted in malabsorption syndrome through severe malabsorption of nutrients and diarrhea [28]. They reported that oral administration of FBRA extract attenuated diarrhea, increased protein content in the small intestine, and improved survival [28].…”

Section: Anti-colitis Effects Of Brown Rice Fermented By Aspergillus mentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Colitis Effects of Brown Rice Reported by Experimental Studies

Shizuma¹

2014

J Rice Res

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Brown (unpolished) rice is a good source of vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber and is consumed as a health food, particularly in Asian countries. Although a limited number of studies have investigated the anti-colitis effects of brown rice, including rice bran and treated brown rice, some have reported the protective effects of brown rice in animal models of dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in the following settings: 1) Rice bran oil, 2) Brown rice fermented by Aspergillus oryzae, 3) Enzyme-treated rice fiber, and 4) Kurozu (fermented vinegar made from brown rice). The possible mechanisms underlying the anti-colitis effects of brown rice include anti-oxidant effects, inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine production, myeloperoxidase activity, neutrophil infiltration in the colonic mucosa, activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and improvement of dysbiosis. However, the active components in dietary products derived from brown rice or treated brown rice have not yet been identified. This report summarizes the studies demonstrating the anti-colitis effects of brown rice or treated brown rice in animal models of colitis.

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Effect of a Fermented Brown Rice Extract on the Gastrointestinal Function in Methotrexate-Treated Rats

Cited by 10 publications

References 29 publications

Euglena Gracilis and β-Glucan Paramylon Induce Ca2+ Signaling in Intestinal Tract Epithelial, Immune, and Neural Cells

Euglena Gracilis and β-Glucan Paramylon Induce Ca2+ Signaling in Intestinal Tract Epithelial, Immune, and Neural Cells

Dietary Supplementation of Fermented Rice Bran Effectively Alleviates Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colitis in Mice

Anti-Colitis Effects of Brown Rice Reported by Experimental Studies

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