The polishing activity of CeO 2 abrasives is enhanced by improving the Ce 3+ concentration on their surface. In this study, a series of Ce 1−x La x O 2 abrasives with different La 3+ doping were prepared. The abrasives were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The effects of La 3+ doping on the morphology, size, and Ce 3+ concentration of the abrasives were studied. The morphology of the particles changes from sphere to octahedron with the La 3+ doping. The lattice expansion of the CeO 2 crystal after La 3+ doping also significantly improves the Ce 3+ concentration on the abrasive surface. However, the Ce 3+ concentration on the surface gradually became saturated when the x was 0.2 or more. The polishing performance proved that the material removal rate (MRR) is closely related to the Ce 3+ concentration generated by La 3+ doping. The MRR of pure CeO 2 abrasives with a Ce 3+ concentration of 20.53% on a SiO 2 substrate is 59.31 nm/min, while the Ce 0.7 La 0.3 O 2 abrasives with the Ce 3+ concentration increased to 34.41% achieved 101.12 nm/min. The polished surface quality was characterized by atomic force microscopy, which shows improved roughness of all samples. Furthermore, the differences in the removal rate of Ce 3+ and Ce 4+ in CeO 2 -based abrasives on the SiO 2 substrate were also discussed.