Effect of active versus passive recovery on performance-related outcome during high-intensity interval exercise

Perrier-Melo, Raphael José; Damorim, Igor; Santos, Tony Meireles; Costa, Eduardo Caldas; Barbosa, Rhennan Rodrigues; Costa, Manoel da Cunha

doi:10.23736/s0022-4707.20.11070-3

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…These authors argued that PR may reduce V̇O 2 demands at the start of the subsequent bout during AIT sessions, eliciting a higher V̇O 2 amplitude and reducing the time-to-reach not only a V̇O 2 plateau but also the “red zone”, thus suggesting better V̇O 2 kinetics (Fennell and Hopker 2021a ). Further, it was previously demonstrated that PR facilitates a greater interval performance (e.g., capability of performing more bouts or maintenance of a higher speed or power in subsequent bouts) with a similar physiological stress when compared to AR in both SIT-based (Tardieu-Berger et al 2004 ; Thevenet et al 2007b ; Abderrahman et al 2013 ; Perrier-Melo et al 2020 ) and AIT-based (Perrier-Melo et al 2020 ; Fennell and Hopker 2021a ) HIIT sessions. The fact that our runners completed only 4 bouts of 2 min at 100% of MAS, experiencing a significantly lower mean V̇O 2 , mean HR, peak HR and RPE for a similar external load with PR, may suggest that they could be able to perform more bouts in this condition and, therefore, accumulate more time in the “red zone”.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, it has been suggested that PR leads to a greater performance during HIIT sessions in both SIT and AIT modalities (Perrier-Melo et al 2020 ). Specifically, a recent study with cyclists showed that PR during AIT sessions may facilitate a greater external training load for similar physiological responses while lowering perceived exertion (Fennell and Hopker 2021a ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Active vs. passive recovery during an aerobic interval training session in well-trained runners

et al. 2022

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Purpose To compare cardio-metabolic, perceptual and neuromuscular responses to an aerobic interval training (AIT) running session, with active (AR) vs. passive recovery (PR). Methods Eleven well-trained male distance runners (36.63 ± 6.93 years, 59.26 ± 5.27 mL·kg−1·min−1, ⁓ 35 min in 10 km) completed the University of Montréal Track Test (UMTT) and 2 AIT sessions on track in random order, which consisted of 4 × 2 min at 100% of the maximum aerobic speed (MAS), with 2 min of AR at 80% of the velocity associated to the second ventilatory threshold (vVT2), or no exercise (i.e., PR). During sessions, oxygen consumption (V̇O2), heart rate (HR), blood lactate [La], rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and countermovement jump (CMJ) were continuously monitored. Results There were no differences in time spent in the “red zone” (i.e. > 90% V̇O2max) between sessions (222 ± 73 s AR vs. 230 ± 104 s PR, p = 0.588), although the PR exhibited a greater time spent at peak V̇O2 close to significance (117 ± 114 vs. 158 ± 109 s, p = 0.056). However, the AR elicited a higher mean V̇O2 (49.62 ± 5.91 vs. 47.46 ± 4.20 mL·kg−1·min−1, p = 0.021). The AR favored a lower [La] after sessions (6.93 ± 2.22 vs. 6.24 ± 1.93 mmol·L−1, p = 0.016) and a higher RPE during sessions (15 ± 0.45 vs. 14 ± 0.47, p = 0.045). Meanwhile, the CMJ was significantly potentiated during both sessions. Conclusion Considering that PR elicited lower perceptual loading for a similar cardiorespiratory response, its use would be preferable, at least, for this type of AIT running sessions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active vs. passive recovery during an aerobic interval training session in well-trained runners

et al. 2022

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“…Our results are in accordance with previous investigations in the field. A systematic review performed by Perrier-Melo et al (31) also concluded that PR results in greater performance when compared with AR in different HIIT sessions. Similarly, Fennell and Hopker ( 16) recently demonstrated in a group of well-trained cyclists that PR facilitates a higher work interval power output and similar internal stress (i.e., internal load) for a lower session RPE (sRPE) when compared with AR, suggesting that AR impairs work interval performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, when more than 1 training variable is simultaneously manipulated, these responses are more difficult to predict because they are interrelated (11). In fact, recent scientific evidence demonstrated that PR may lead to lower physiological stress, greater exercise performance (i.e., longer TTE or more repetitions/volume performed), and even lower rating of perceived exertion (RPE), whereas AR can improve some metabolic and hormonal parameters without significant changes in the time accumulated in the "red zone" in both SITbased (1)(2)(3)26,(38)(39)(40) and AIT-based modalities (16,31,33). Differently, Dall' Agnol et al suggested that AR after self-paced long bouts of cycling exercise (e.g., 4 minutes or 8 minutes) may elicit longer time accumulated in the "red zone", especially when the work-to-rest ratio is 2:1 (12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Recovery Mode on the Maximum Number of Intervals Until Exhaustion During an Aerobic Interval Training Session

Varela-Sanz

Sánchez-Otero

Tuimil

et al. 2023

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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Varela-Sanz, A, S ánchez-Otero, T, Tuimil, JL, Boullosa, D, and Iglesias-Soler, E. Influence of recovery mode on the maximum number of intervals until exhaustion during an aerobic interval training session. J Strength Cond Res 37(9): e510-e520, 2023-We analyzed work capacity, cardiometabolic, perceptual, and neuromuscular responses to an aerobic interval training (AIT) running session until exhaustion, with active (AR) vs. passive recovery (PR). Eight well-trained male endurance runners (36.88 6 7.14 years, 58.22 6 3.39 ml•kg 21 •minute 21 ) randomly completed, after familiarizations and the University of Montreal Track Test (UMTT), 2 AIT track running sessions until exhaustion consisting in 2-minute bouts at 100% of maximum aerobic speed (MAS), with 2 minutes of recovery at 80% of the velocity associated to the second ventilatory threshold (vVT 2 ) (i.e., AR), or no exercise (i.e., PR). Oxygen consumption (V Ȯ2 ), heart rate (HR), blood lactate [La], rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and countermovement jump (CMJ) were continuously monitored during sessions. The level of statistical significance was set at p # 0.05. PR resulted in longer time to exhaustion during sessions (13.9 vs. 11.6 bouts, p 5 0.045), but lower HR (p , 0.01) when compared with AR. Time spent over 90% of maximum oxygen consumption (V Ȯ2max ), blood lactate concentrations, neuromuscular performance, and RPE did not differ between AR and PR (p . 0.05). Thus, PR allowed runners to perform more work intervals and, therefore, to accumulate a greater volume. On the other hand, when training goals are focused on reaching a higher chronotropic stress (i.e., higher HR) during the training session, athletes would obtain more benefits from AR. This study also demonstrates that the current volume recommendations for AIT are far below (54-64.5%) the maximum training capacity of well-trained runners.

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“…A recent systematic review focused only on acute physiological, perceptual, and performance effects of recovery mode applied between repeated-sprints during running and cycling protocols reported that passive recovery reduced physiological and perceptual demands and reduced loss of performance compared to active recovery in repeated-sprints running, with limited data on cycling studies [ 37 ]. In contrast, another systematic review on the effects of recovery mode on performance limited to mean and peak power, time to exhaustion, and distance covered during an interval exercise session only indicated that passive recovery aids in maintaining performance during interval exercise [ 38 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Passive or Active Recovery Regimes Applied During Long-Term Interval Training on Physical Fitness in Healthy Trained and Untrained Individuals: A Systematic Review

Zouhal,

Abderrahman,

Jayavel

et al. 2024

Sports Med - Open

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Background Intermittent exercise programs characterized through intensive exercise bouts alternated with passive or active recovery (i.e., interval training), have been proven to enhance measures of cardiorespiratory fitness. However, it is unresolved which recovery type (active or passive) applied during interval training results in larger performance improvements. Objectives This systematic review aimed to summarize recent evidence on the effects of passive or active recovery following long-term interval exercise training on measures of physical fitness and physiological adaptations in healthy trained and untrained individuals. The study protocol was registered in the Open Science Framework (OSF) platform (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/9BUEY). Methods We searched nine databases including the grey literature (Academic Search Elite, CINAHL, ERIC, Open Access Theses and Dissertations, Open Dissertations, PsycINFO, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus) from inception until February 2023. Key terms as high-intensity interval training, recovery mode, passive or active recover were used. A systematic review rather than a meta-analysis was performed, as a large number of outcome parameters would have produced substantial heterogeneity. Results After screening titles, abstracts, and full texts, 24 studies were eligible for inclusion in our final analysis. Thirteen studies examined the effects of interval training interspersed with passive recovery regimes on physical fitness and physiological responses in trained (6 studies) and untrained (7 studies) individuals. Eleven out of 13 studies reported significant improvements in physical fitness (e.g., maximal aerobic velocity (MAV), Yo-Yo running test, jump performance) and physiological parameters (e.g., maximal oxygen uptake [VO2max], lactate threshold, blood pressure) in trained (effect sizes from single studies: 0.13 < Cohen’s d < 3.27, small to very large) and untrained individuals (effect sizes: 0.17 < d < 4.19, small to very large) despite the type of interval training or exercise dosage (frequency, intensity, time, type). Two studies were identified that examined the effects of passive recovery applied during interval training in young female basketball (15.1 ± 1.1 years) and male soccer players (14.2 ± 0.5 years). Both studies showed positive effects of passive recovery on VO2max, countermovement jump performance, and the Yo-Yo running test. Eleven studies examined the effects of interval training interspersed with active recovery methods on physical fitness and physiological parameters in trained (6 studies) and untrained individuals (5 studies). Despite the type of interval training or exercise dosage, nine out of eleven studies reported significant increases in measures of physical fitness (e.g., MAV) and physiological parameters (e.g., VO2max, blood pressures) in trained (effect sizes from single studies: 0.13 < d < 1.29, small to very large) and untrained individuals (effect sizes: 0.19 < d < 3.29, small to very large). There was no study available that examined the effects of active recovery on physical fitness and physiological responses in youth. Conclusions The results of this systematic review show that interval training interspersed with active or passive recovery regimes have the potential to improve measures of physical fitness and physiology outcomes in trained and untrained adults and trained youth. That is, the applied recovery type seems not to affect the outcomes. Nonetheless, more research is needed on the effects of recovery type on measures of physical fitness and physiological adaptations in youth.

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Effect of active versus passive recovery on performance-related outcome during high-intensity interval exercise

Cited by 5 publications

References 29 publications

Active vs. passive recovery during an aerobic interval training session in well-trained runners

Active vs. passive recovery during an aerobic interval training session in well-trained runners

Influence of Recovery Mode on the Maximum Number of Intervals Until Exhaustion During an Aerobic Interval Training Session

Effects of Passive or Active Recovery Regimes Applied During Long-Term Interval Training on Physical Fitness in Healthy Trained and Untrained Individuals: A Systematic Review

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