Effect of Acute and Long-Term Aerobic Exercise on Arterial Stiffness in the Elderly

Tabara, Yasuharu; Yuasa, Tomohisa; Oshiumi, Akira; Kobayashi, Tatsuya; Miyawaki, Yutaka; Miki, Tetsuro; Kohara, Katsuhiko

doi:10.1291/hypres.30.895

Cited by 54 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(48 reference statements)

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confidence: 79%

“…Several points may explain the discrepancy between the study of Tabara et al (12) and the previous reports (9,14,15). First, in two of the previous reports the study periods were 8 weeks (15) and 3 months (9), both of which were shorter than the 6-month aerobic training performed in the study of Tabara et al (12). Second, the other previous study (14) examined the effects of combined aerobic and resistance training, and resistance training has been reported to have unfavorable effects on arterial stiffness (16).…”

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confidence: 80%

“…The results of the study of Tabara et al (12) are encouraging. Unfortunately, however, they did not evaluate the effects of long-term exercise in a case-control manner.…”

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confidence: 84%

“…In this issue of Hypertension Research, Tabara et al (12) report that in sedentary elderly subjects, habitual aerobic exercise of mild to moderate intensity significantly reduced arterial stiffness and blood pressure. Both hypertensive and normotensive subjects aged 50 years or older were included in the study.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Improvement of Arterial Stiffness by Aerobic Exercise in Elderly Subjects

Muratani¹

2007

Hypertens Res

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Arterial stiffness increases with aging (1), and is accelerated by common diseases such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Among various indices of arterial stiffness, pulse wave velocity (PWV) and the augmentation index (AI) are commonly used in clinical settings, because these parameters can be easily and noninvasively measured. PWV mainly reflects the vascular stiffness (2). On the other hand, AI is calculated based on the analysis of arterial pulse waveform. AI is not simply determined by the wall stiffness of large arteries but influenced by the intensity of wave reflection, which is determined by the diameter and elasticity of small arteries and arterioles (2).PWV (3) and AI (4) predict cardiovascular events. In addition, arterial stiffness also relates to microvascular diseases in the brain and the kidney (5). Increased arterial stiffness may at least partly explain the high incidence of cardiovascular diseases in elderly persons or in patients with hypertension, diabetes, or metabolic syndrome. Thus, a therapeutic regimen to effectively reduce arterial stiffness would exert a beneficial effect in preventing cardiovascular events and progression of microvascular diseases. In fact, the CAFE study, a substudy of the ASCOT, demonstrated that patients receiving an amlodipine regimen exhibited significantly lower values of indices of arterial stiffness, including AI, and better cardiovascular outcomes compared with those receiving an atenolol regimen (6). As for the other classes of antihypertensive drugs, the angiotensin receptor blocker valsartan decreased brachial to ankle PWV independent of blood pressure lowering in elderly hypertensive patients (7). An angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, perindopril, also decreased arterial stiffness in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes (8).Lifestyle modification also improves arterial stiffness. Dietary sodium restriction to < 100 mmol/day for 3 months significantly decreased aortic PWV and carotid AI in postmenopausal women with systolic blood pressure between 130 and 159 mmHg (9). More strict sodium restriction to 54±11 mmol/day improved carotid artery compliance and β-stiffness index in elderly patients with systolic hypertension in 1 to 2 weeks (10). More recently, in untreated hypertensive patients, current and ex-smokers showed significantly higher PWV and AI than nonsmokers (11). There was a significant linear relationship between smoking status and PWV and AI, and in ex-smokers, longer duration of smoking cessation was associated with lower values of PWV and AI (11). Therefore, smoking cessation also seems to reduce the arterial stiffness.Many cross-sectional observations already have noticed an association between habitual aerobic exercise and lower arterial stiffness. In this issue of Hypertension Research, Tabara et al. (12) report that in sedentary elderly subjects, habitual aerobic exercise of mild to moderate intensity significantly reduced arterial stiffness and blood pressure. Both hypertensive and normotensive subj...

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confidence: 79%

mentioning

confidence: 80%

“…The results of the study of Tabara et al (12) are encouraging. Unfortunately, however, they did not evaluate the effects of long-term exercise in a case-control manner.…”

mentioning

confidence: 84%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improvement of Arterial Stiffness by Aerobic Exercise in Elderly Subjects

Muratani¹

2007

Hypertens Res

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“…The effect of acute exercise on AIx in offspring of hypertensive individuals has not been explored; however, Tabara et al 17 found that there was no change in AIx after acute exercise in apparently healthy and sedentary elderly subjects, although AIx changed after 6 months of aerobic exercise. Thus, it is undetermined what effect acute exercise would have on the AIx of young offspring of hypertensives.…”

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confidence: 99%

Acute effect of a single bout of aerobic exercise on vascular and baroreflex function of young males with a family history of hypertension

2010

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The effect of one single bout of aerobic exercise on the vascular and baroreceptor function of individuals with a family history of hypertension was investigated. Forty young males, mean age 21 years, comprising offspring with (FH þ ; n ¼ 20) and without (FH À ; n ¼ 20) a family history of hypertension participated in this study. Acute exercise was performed on a stationary bike for 20 min at 60% of maximal oxygen uptake. Peak forearm blood flow (FBF) was assessed using plethysmography and was determined as the highest blood flow after 5 min of reactive hyperaemia. Cardiopulmonary baroreceptor (CPBR) sensitivity was measured using lowerbody negative pressure (LBNP) for 5 min at À20 mm Hg. CPBR was determined by calculating change of stroke volume and forearm vascular resistance (FVR) at baseline and during LBNP. Carotid baroreceptor (CBR) sensitivity was assessed using neck suction at À20, À40, À60 and À80 mm Hg pressures and was determined from RR interval divided by systolic blood pressure. Augmentation index (AIx), a measure of wave reflection, was assessed using applanation tonometry, and was calculated as the ratio of augmented pressure and pulse pressure. The peak FBF at preexercise was lower in FH þ than in FH À subjects. Twenty minutes of acute cycle exercise resulted in significantly increased peak FBF by 22% in FH þ and by 11% in FH À subjects, whereas peak FVR of both groups decreased by 17% and 11%, respectively. No change occurred in CPBR, CBR or AIx. It is concluded that 20 min of acute cycle exercise normalised baseline FBF and forearm vasodilation during hyperaemia in FH þ subjects.

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