Effect of acute dietary- versus combined dietary and exercise-induced energy deficits on subsequent energy intake, appetite and food reward in adolescents with obesity

Higher energy flux may improve short-term appetite control in adolescents with obesity: the NEXT study

“…Interestingly, in this last work the authors observed this lower energy intake independently of the nature of the individual's energy balance (neutral, þ25 % or -25 % EB) (14) . Moreover, while the increase in energy expenditure induced on MEF compared with LEF was similar to what has been previously suggested as insufficient to impact appetite control (250 kcal) (12) , the findings observed during the HEF condition (500 kcal) and subsequent food intake reduction reinforce the observations in previous works that suggest the need for a minimal degree of energy deficit to positively affect appetite and food intake in youth suffering obesity (11) . Overall, these results provide tentative to support for the importance of physical exercise in the management of shortterm energy balance rather than emphasizing reduced food consumption which remains difficult in the context of an obesogenic food environment (34,35) , via induced energy expenditure, positive cardio-respiratory and muscular effects (36) , and a potential benefit in regulation of food intake (10) .…”

“…The ANSES (Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l’alimentation, de l’environnement et du travail) nutritional composition was used to calculate energy and macronutrients intake (quantity and proportion) (Ciqual Table, ANSES 2020). Relative EI (REI) at dinner was calculated according to the following formula used in several previous studies (12,13,24,25) : REI (kcal) = EI (kcal) – EE (kcal). The energy expenditures induced by the respective exercises were used to calculate REI during MEF and HEF sessions.…”

“…The distribution of macronutrients for each condition is shown in Table 1 in Supplementary Materials. Dinner was served as an ad libitum buffet, and food consumption was measured by members of the investigation team who weighed each food item before and after the meal (this methodology has been previously used and validated in other studies) (11)(12)(13)23) . The components of the meals were chosen on the basis of food preference and dietary habits questionnaires filled out during the inclusion visit.…”

“…When performed at moderate-to-high intensity, physical exercise has been shown to favour a transient anorexigenic effect, decreasing energy intake without affecting appetite feelings in adolescents with obesity (10) . More recently, physical exercise has also been shown to counteract the compensatory appetitive responses that are observed in response to similar energy deficits induced by dietary restrictions, supporting a negative energy balance (11)(12)(13) .…”