Effect of acute soman on selected endocrine parameters and blood glucose in rats*1

Beneficial effects of a ketamine/atropine combination in soman-poisoned rats under a neutral thermal environment

“…Inter-relations between stress and seizures are well known (Haut et al, 2003;Lai and Trimble, 1997;Sawyer and Escayg, 2010) although the details of such interaction remain elusive. Hyperglycemia was observed in soman-intoxicated rats exhibiting signs of toxicity such as chewing, salivation, muscle fasciculations or tremors (Fletcher et al, 1988;Jovic, 1974;Maickel et al, 1990;Rahimi and Abdollahi, 2007). Conversely, we and others (Fletcher et al, 1988) observed hyperglycemia only in animals developing convulsions.…”

“…Hyperglycemia was observed in soman-intoxicated rats exhibiting signs of toxicity such as chewing, salivation, muscle fasciculations or tremors (Fletcher et al, 1988;Jovic, 1974;Maickel et al, 1990;Rahimi and Abdollahi, 2007). Conversely, we and others (Fletcher et al, 1988) observed hyperglycemia only in animals developing convulsions. It thus appears to be related to a certain level of brain activation during convulsions (Simon, 2006) and due to a stress reaction through the sympathetic activation together with glucocorticoids release (Drouet et al, 2012).…”

Organophosphorus Insecticides and Glucose Homeostasis

“…Single dose of Chlorfenvinphos, acephate and methamidophos have been demonstrated to elevate circulating levels of corticosterone and aldostserone after administration of a single dose (Osicka-Kaprowska et al, 1984;Spassova et al, 2000). Soman has been reported to increase plasma corticosterone levels in rodent models (Hudon & Clement, 1986;Fletcher et al, 1998). More importantly, the stressogenic potential (hypercorticosteronemia and induction of liver tyrosine aminotransferase activity) of soman was effectively abrogated by reactivators of inhibited acetylcholinesterase (Kassa, 1995(Kassa, & 1997.…”

Role of Vitamin E in Mitigating Methomyl Induced Acute Toxicity in Blood of Male Wistar Rats

“…They comprise the third major group of synthetic insecticides being utilized worldwide, and among carbamates, methomyl is the most common residue found in various food stuffs as a contaminant (Constantinos et al, 2005;Kuhr and Dorough, 1976;Krause, 1985). Methomyl compounds are functionally analogous to organophosphates, which inhibit enzyme activity of acetylcholinesterase in plasma and erythrocytes (Kagan et al, 1970;Fletcher et al, 1988;Mohammad et al, 2007).…”