Effect of addition of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the antimicrobial properties, surface roughness and surface hardness of polymethyl methacrylate: A Systematic Review.

Abstract

Background: Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) denture-base resins have poor surface properties that facilitates microbial adhesion causing denture stomatitis. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effect of different sizes and percentages of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NP) on the antimicrobial property, surface roughness and surface hardness of PMMA denture base resin. Methods: A systematic search of English peer-reviewed articles, clinical trial registries, grey literature databases and other online sources was performed using the PRISMA-S Guidelines for In-Vivo and In-Vitro studies. Qualitative data synthesis was performed to analyse sample dimensions, acrylic used, treatments of nanoparticles, methods used for testing and effect of size and percentage of nanoparticle. Risk of bias assessment was done using modified Cochrane risk of bias tool. Results: Out of 1376 articles, 15 were included. TiO2NP of size less than 30 nm was most frequently used. Both antimicrobial property and surface hardness improved irrespective of the size of the added TiO2NP. Three studies reported increase in the surface roughness with less than 50 nm TiO2NP. 3% TiO2NP was most frequently used. On increasing the percentage, three studies reported an increase in antimicrobial property, while two studies found no change. With TiO2NP greater than or equal to 3%, six studies reported an increase in surface hardness, while two reported increase in surface roughness. Large methodological variations were observed across studies. All studies except one were of moderate quality. Conclusions: On addition of TiO2NP to heat polymerized PMMA, the antimicrobial property and surface hardness improved irrespective of the size of the TiO2NP, however, addition of nanoparticles less than 50 nm increased the surface roughness. Increasing the percentage of TiO2NP increased the surface hardness but did not always increase the antimicrobial property. Addition of 3% TiO2NP provided optimum results with regards to antimicrobial effect and surface hardness, but increase in the surface roughness.

Effect of adding different nano particles on antimicrobial properties of heat cured acrylic resin

“…Opposing to this, despite showing antimicrobial effect, Giti and others found no substantial rise in the antimicrobial properties with rise in the nanoparticles percentage from 2.5% to 7.5%.53 likewise, Kaurani and others found better results on using 0.3% of TiO2 nano particles compared to 0.4% and 0.5%. (16,17,18) .…”

Surface roughness of implant retained mandibular acrylic overdenture treated with Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles, An in vitro comparative study

“…Although, with the addition of TiO2 NP, improvements in certain mechanical properties were observed, the surface roughness also increased. (19) While interpreting the results of this research, one should take the limitations of the study into consideration, as it was an in vitro study that does not simulate the oral cavity. (20) Thus, the direct implications of the results must be exercised with caution.…”