Effect of additive concentration on solubilizing ability

Vipper, A. B.; Krein, S. É.; Bauman, V. N.

doi:10.1016/0031-6458(68)90046-4

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…This result suggests that the micellization of PIBSA-based dispersants is favored by a larger amine content in the polar core of the dispersant. Those CMCs are also 2 orders of magnitude smaller than that of AOT (∼1.0 mM) suggesting that PIBSA-based dispersants aggregate at low concentrations as was observed earlier with another succinimide dispersant …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 56%

“…The self-association of succinimide dispersants in apolar solutions has been investigated and evidence of reverse micelle formation has been reported. − Small micellar aggregates have been observed with aggregation numbers ( N agg ) smaller than 10 units , and a CMC of 0.4−1.0 g/L for a poorly characterized succinimide dispersant has been determined . As any detergents, succinimide dispersants are surface active and this property has been the object of numerous studies aiming at characterizing the behavior of succinimide dispersants at an air−water interface, − at the surface of carbon black particles used as mimic for the carbon-rich particles (CRPs) found in soot, − and more recently at the surface of carbon nanotubes. , Interestingly, there has been no report in the literature where the ability of succinimide dispersants at forming reverse micelles and at adsorbing onto CRPs have been studied in parallel and where the effect of one property over the other has been investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Micellization and Adsorption of a Series of Succinimide Dispersants

Shen

Duhamel

2008

Langmuir

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The efficiency of a series of nonionic dispersants at stabilizing carbon-rich particles in oil was evaluated. The dispersants were synthesized by coupling a polyamine to two polyisobutylenes terminated at one end with a succinic anhydride (PIBSA). Their chemical composition was characterized by FTIR absorption. The associative strength of the dispersants was determined from their ability to self-associate in solution into reverse micelles. Their critical micelle concentration (CMC) and aggregation number (Nagg) were determined by fluorescence in an apolar solvent, namely hexane. The associative strength of the dispersants was found to increase with increasing number of secondary amines in the polyamine core. The adsorption isotherms describing the adsorption of the dispersants onto carbon black particles were determined and showed the existence of two binding regimes for the dispersants having more amines in their polar core. Much stronger binding occurred at dispersant concentration lower than the CMC. The weaker binding observed at dispersant concentrations larger than the CMC is believed to result from the dispersants having to compete between micellization and adsorption at concentrations above the CMC.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micellization and Adsorption of a Series of Succinimide Dispersants

Shen

Duhamel

2008

Langmuir

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“…However, it is worth mentioning that PIBSA-based reverse micelles in the oily phase of explosive emulsions contain ammonium nitrate in their core (Reynolds et al, 2000(Reynolds et al, , 2001 and that the associative strength (aptitude to induce self-assembly of surfactant molecules) originates from hydrogen-bonding between the surfactant head group and the ammonium nitrate solution (Ganguly et al, 1992;Shen and Duhamel, 2008). In previous studies utilising other succinimide dispersants, it was observed that PIBSA-based surfactants aggregate at low concentration (Viper et al, 1968;Shen and Duhamel, 2008).…”

Section: Dependence Of Elastic Properties On Droplet Size (Ds)mentioning

confidence: 96%

Highly Concentrated Emulsions: Role of Droplet Size

Yakhoub

Masalova

Haldenwang

2010

Chemical Engineering Communications

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The problem of droplet size dependence on rheological properties of highly concentrated emulsions was studied. Changes in droplet size distribution were achieved by multi-pass flow through a small orifice set as the outlet of a piston-chamber pumping instrument, and extended elongation of droplets combined with the transienttransition flow regime (laminar=turbulent) at the outlet of the orifice provided the shift of the droplet sizes to the smaller-size side of the distribution. Their distributions were wider and of the logarithmic-normal distribution type. Two models were proposed and used to fit the refinement evolution and the width of distributions respectively. The droplet size versus number of pumping cycles was expressed by the fitting parameters, h D , h x , D crit. , x crit. , and C, which, in turn, gave a clear estimation of factors that influence refinement during pumping. These factors involved surfactant type and surfactant concentration, where higher surfactant concentration induced higher efficiency with regard to droplet disruption. The most important part of the result of the investigation is, however, the experimental proof that the shear modulus versus droplet size is not necessarily expressed by a linear reciprocal dependence, but by an exponent equal to 2. It was shown that the stability of highly concentrated emulsions in shearing is determined by some critical value of deformation with reference to the yielding conditions. This value on average equalled 0.07 for all samples under investigation.

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“…CMCs have been measured using techniques including solubilization of an optically active probe particle, 82,97-100 light scattering, 71,101 titration calorimetry, 98 interfacial tension with mercury, 102 positron annihilation, 103 NMR, 81 water solubilization, 80 and SANS. 95,104 The CMC of OLOA surfactant has been studied using optical probe particles 99,105,106 and transient current measurements. 44 The onset of micellization appears to occur at a lower, or at least similar, concentration to that of AOT.…”

Section: Inverse Micellesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling colloid charge in nonpolar liquids with surfactants

Smith

Eastoe

2013

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

100

146

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The formation of ions in nonpolar solvents (with relative permittivity ε r of approximately 2) is more difficult than in polar liquids; however, these charged species play an important role in many applications, such as electrophoretic displays. The low permittivities (ε r) of these solvents mean that charges have to be separated by large distances to be stable (approximately 28 nm or 40 times that in water). The inverse micelles formed by surfactants in these solvents provide an environment to stabilize ions and charges. Common surfactants used are sodium dioctylsulfosuccinate (Aerosol OT or AOT), polyisobutylene succinimide, sorbitan oleate, and zirconyl 2-ethyl hexanoate. The behavior of charged inverse micelles has been studied on both the bulk and on the microscopic scale and can be used to determine the motion of the micelles, their structure, and the nature of the electrostatic double layer. Colloidal particles are only weakly charged in the absence of surfactant, but in the presence of surfactants, many types, including polymers, metal oxides, carbon blacks, and pigments, have been observed to become positively or negatively charged. Several mechanisms have been proposed as the origin of surface charge, including acid-base reactions between the colloid and the inverse micelle, preferential adsorption of charged inverse micelles, or dissolution of surface species. While most studies vary only the concentration of surfactant, systematic variation of the particle surface chemistry or the surfactant structure have provided insight into the origin of charging in nonpolar liquids. By carefully varying system parameters and working to understand the interactions between surfactants and colloidal surfaces, further advances will be made leading to better understanding of the origin of charge and to the development of more effective surfactants.

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Effect of additive concentration on solubilizing ability

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Micellization and Adsorption of a Series of Succinimide Dispersants

Micellization and Adsorption of a Series of Succinimide Dispersants

Highly Concentrated Emulsions: Role of Droplet Size

Controlling colloid charge in nonpolar liquids with surfactants

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