Effect of additives on the properties and performance of cellulose acetate derivative membranes in the separation of isopropanol/water mixtures

Zafar, Muhammad; Ali, Muddassir; Khan, Shahzad Maqsood; Jamil, Tahir; Butt, Muhammad Taqi Zahid

doi:10.1016/j.desal.2011.10.027

Cited by 54 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…When fabricating membranes, the incorporation of additives can have varying effects on the resultant membrane microstructure, transport properties, and the strength of the membranes also changes. Different additives and polymers have different mechanical and thermal properties . To evaluate the effect of additives on the mechanical properties, three additives with comparable molecular weights were used although PEG had a much lower molecular weight.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In another study, Ma et al reported that an increase in clay dosage weakened the mechanical properties of polysulfone membranes . In a contrasting study conducted by Zafar et al, an increase in PEG content was found to increase the mechanical strength and modulus of cellulose acetate membranes; instead of leaching out, PEG interacted with the polymer resulting in increased toughness . On another note, biopolymers such as lignin and cellulose have been used to improve the modulus of polymers in polymer composites .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigating the structure and water permeation of membranes modified with natural and synthetic additives using tensile, porosity, and glass transition temperature studies

Vilakati

Hoek

Mamba

2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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This article reports the results of a study on the effect of using different additives (lignin, polyethylene glycol [PEG], and polyvinyl pyrrolidone [PVP]) to fabricate ultrafiltration polysulfone (PSf) membranes. The main focus of this study was on the difference in permeation properties brought about by the absence or presence of a fabric when fabricating the membranes. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to characterize the thermal properties and was also used to predict the other membrane properties. An Instron machine was used to evaluate the mechanical properties. The bulk porosity of lignin and PVP‐modified membranes was observed to be higher than that of the membranes modified with PEG. There was a strong negative correlation between the bulk porosity and the glass transition temperature irrespective of the additive used. Membranes cast on a fabric showed higher flux compared with membranes cast on glass. There was a strong positive correlation between the bulk porosity and the observed permeability regardless of whether the membrane was cast on a nonwoven fabric or on a glass plate. Pore‐size distribution results showed that lignin and PVP‐modified membranes had a narrow pore‐size distribution ranging between 10 and 25 nm when compared with PEG‐modified membranes with a pore‐size distribution ranging between 2.5 and 20 nm. These results indicate that thermal, bulk porosity, and mechanical properties can be used to probe the membrane structure. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40616.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the structure and water permeation of membranes modified with natural and synthetic additives using tensile, porosity, and glass transition temperature studies

Vilakati

Hoek

Mamba

2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…The improvement in the hydrophilic character of the polymeric membrane would increase the extent of permeation flux. 64 So, the incorporation of minimum amount of bentonite clay to the PVA matrix showed 400% increase in its pervaporation flux. Figure 11 also presents the behavior of the separation factor of the nanocomposite membranes with the concentration of bentonite clay.…”

Section: Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Researchmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of Bentonite Clay on the Mechanical, Thermal, and Pervaporation Performance of the Poly(vinyl alcohol) Nanocomposite Membranes

Jose

George

Maya³

et al. 2014

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Bentonite clay/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) inorganic/organic hybrid nanocomposite membranes were prepared via solvent casting method. A series of PVA nanocomposite membranes have been prepared by varying the concentration of the bentonite clay. Nanoscale dispersion of bentonite clay affected the properties of PVA. PVA with 5 wt % clay showed better enhancement in the properties. Both X-ray diffration and transmission electron microscopy showed uniform dispersion and exfoliated structure of the bentonite in the PVA membranes. The effective separation of azeotropic composition of isopropanol (IPA) and water mixtures was also carried out by using these membranes. The flux and separation factor of the membranes were increased with 1 wt % clay loading and followed by a decrease. The intrinsic properties of the membranes have been calculated using membrane permeance and selectivity. The 1 wt % clay loaded membrane showed enhanced membrane permeance with a water permeance of 6500 gpu and a selectivity value of 46. The effective membrane area for transport has been analyzed from atomic force microscopy analysis. Finally, it is important to mention that the minimum nanoscale filler loading gave rise to the maximum separation efficiency for the azeotropic composition of IPA and water mixtures.

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“…was 34.23 cm 2 and the capacity of the feed compartment was about 250 cm 3 . The vacuum in the downstream side of the apparatus was maintained [1.333224 Â 10 3 Pa (10 Torr)] using a two-stage vacuum pump (Toshniwal, Chennai, India).…”

Section: Swelling Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of membranes for the separation of liquid mixtures, such as azeotropic mixtures [1,2] and close-boiling liquids [3,4] by pervaporation (PV) is a promising technique, which involves both the phenomenon of permeation and evaporation. It has thus become a promising alternative to conventional processes such as evaporation or distillation [5][6][7] and it is therefore often referred as a ''clean technology'' [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel approach for the development of pervaporation membranes using sodium alginate and chitosan-wrapped multiwalled carbon nanotubes for the dehydration of isopropanol

Sajjan

Kumar

Kittur

et al. 2013

Journal of Membrane Science

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Effect of additives on the properties and performance of cellulose acetate derivative membranes in the separation of isopropanol/water mixtures

Cited by 54 publications

References 31 publications

Investigating the structure and water permeation of membranes modified with natural and synthetic additives using tensile, porosity, and glass transition temperature studies

Investigating the structure and water permeation of membranes modified with natural and synthetic additives using tensile, porosity, and glass transition temperature studies

Effect of Bentonite Clay on the Mechanical, Thermal, and Pervaporation Performance of the Poly(vinyl alcohol) Nanocomposite Membranes

Novel approach for the development of pervaporation membranes using sodium alginate and chitosan-wrapped multiwalled carbon nanotubes for the dehydration of isopropanol

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