Effect of age on bovine subcutaneous fat proteome: Molecular mechanisms of physiological variations during beef cattle growth1

Abstract

Fat deposition influences both meat quality and animal productivity. However, it is not clear how fat development is regulated in growing and fattening beef cattle. This study characterized proteomic changes in subcutaneous adipose tissue from steers fed a high-grain diet in an effort to understand the molecular mechanisms of fat development during feedlot production. Eight British-Continental crossbred steers had two subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies at 12 and 15 mo of age. Protein expression in fat samples was profiled using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). During the finishing period, steers increased subcutaneous adipose tissue mass with concomitant changes in the proteome profile, but the nature of these changes varied among steers. The expression of 123 out of 627 identified proteins differed (P <: 0.05) between 2 ages. Functional analyses on differentially expressed proteins revealed that 20.2% of them were associated with cellular growth and proliferation of adipose tissue. There were 17 out of 108 differentially expressed proteins associated with lipid metabolism, which were acyl-CoA synthetase medium-chain family member 1 (ACSM1), annexin A1 (ANXA1), apolipoprotein C-III (APOC3), apolipoprotein H (beta-2-glycoprotein I; APOH), EH-domain containing 1 (EHD1), coagulation factor II (thrombin; F2), gelsolin (GSN), lamin A/C (LMNA), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MAP2K1), myosin, heavy chain 9, non-muscle (MYH9), orosomucoid 1 (ORM1), protein disulfide isomerase family A, member 3 (PDIA3), retinol binding protein 4, plasma (RBP4), renin binding protein (RENBP), succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit A, flavoprotein (Fp; SDHA), serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade C (antithrombin), member 1 (SERPINC1), and serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade G (C1 inhibitor), member 1 (SERPING1). Further analysis of the expression levels of proteins associated with lipid metabolism indicated a downregulation in the synthesis of fatty acids at the cellular level at 15 compared to 12 mo of age. These results suggest that even though adipose tissue expanded, fat anabolism was reduced in adipocytes during growth, revealing a coordinated balance between subcutaneous fat mass and the cellular abundance of lipogenic proteins to control the rate of fat deposition in growing beef cattle. The findings observed in this study expand our understanding on how proteome of bovine adipose tissue is regulated during growth, which might help the development in the future of new strategies to manipulate adiposity in beef cattle in a manner that improves meat quality and animal productivity.

Plasma Level of Retinol-Binding Protein 4, N-Terminal proBNP and Renal Function in Older Patients Hospitalized for Heart Failure

“…There are also findings of Cho et al [38], who reported increased levels of RBP4 in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance and DM in a middle-aged population, though the difference was quite small and no measure of dispersion, except range, was provided. The inconsistency with our data may be explained by the difficult role of glucose uptake by adipocytes in the regulation of rbp4 expression [39] related to changes in adipocyte proteome with ageing, recently demonstrated in an animal model [40].…”

Effect of propylene glycol on adipose tissue mobilization in postpartum over-conditioned Holstein cows

“…The expression changes with DIM might be attributed to changes in back fat thickness. Recent proteome studies reported that the expression of annexin 1 is closely linked to fat accretion, back fat thickness, and adiposity in bovine species (Zhao et al, 2010;Romao et al, 2014;Zachut, 2015). Proteins of the annexin family act as phospholipase inhibitors, regulators of exocytosis, and linkage of membrane-associated complexes to the cytoskeleton.…”

“…Studying the abundance of proteins by proteome analysis might be useful to elucidate cellular mechanisms balancing adipose tissue mobilization and fat accretion. Proteome studies on subcutaneous adipose tissue of beef cattle have been related to fat accretion (e.g., Zhao et al, 2010;Romao et al, 2014), demonstrating differences in expression of proteins in animals with different subcutaneous fat thickness. Most recently, Zachut (2015) identified 143 adipose tissue proteins of multiparous dairy cows that were differentially expressed between d 17 prepartum and d 4 postpartum, and 3 of them were related to the process of lipolysis.…”

Skeletal muscle and liver gene expression profiles in finishing steers supplemented with Amaize

“…The upregulation of PPARGC1A and FOXO1 drive the upregulation of many other genes as identified by the upstream analysis in IPA. Among those targets, APOC3 is strongly associated with lipid metabolism in beef cattle, and roles in which this gene participates include lipid synthesis, transport, accumulation, redistribution, concentration, homeostasis, hydrolysis, and secretion (Romao, He, McAllister, & Guan, ). Because of the positive association between APOC3 with intramuscular fat deposition, drip loss rate, and shear force, Hui et al.…”