Effect of age on the relationship between metabolizable energy and digestible energy for broiler chickens

Yang, Zhi; Pirgozliev, V.; Rose, S.P.; Woods, S L; Yang, Haiming; Wang, Zhiyue; Bedford, M.R.

doi:10.3382/ps/pez495

Cited by 51 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The current findings disagree with the widely assumed perception that energy utilization increases with age ( Tancharoenrat et al, 2013 ; Yang et al, 2020 ). The absence of positive effect of advancing age on the AMEn of all grains in the current study was also confirmed by the lack of positive effects on DM and N retention.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

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Apparent metabolizable energy of cereal grains for broiler chickens is influenced by age

et al. 2021

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The current study was conducted to investigate the influence of broiler age on the AME and AMEn of 4 common cereal grains (wheat, sorghum, barley, and corn). Four experimental diets with the same inclusion (962 g/kg) of each grain were developed and fed to groups of broiler chickens aged 1 to 7, 8 to 14, 15 to 21, 22 to 28, 29 to 35, or 36 to 42 d post-hatch. Each diet, in pellet form, was randomly allocated to 6 replicate cages in each age group. Except for the 0 to 7 d age group, the birds were fed a starter (d 0–21) and/or a finisher (d 21–35) diet before the introduction of experimental diets. The number of birds per cage were 10 (d 1–7) and 8 (d 8–42). Excreta were collected over the last 4 d of each age period. The AME and AMEn of the grains were determined by the total excreta collection. Bird age influenced ( P < 0.001) the AME and AMEn of all cereal grains. The AMEn of wheat declined quadratically ( P < 0.01) with advancing age, from 3,461 kcal/kg in wk 1 to 3,219 kcal/kg in wk 2 and then plateaued. The AMEn of sorghum grain declined linearly ( P < 0.001) with advancing age, from 3,762 kcal/kg in wk 1 to 3,614 kcal/kg in wk 2, plateaued to wk 5 and then declined to 3,556 kcal/kg in wk 6. A quadratic ( P < 0.001) reduction in the AMEn of barley was observed as birds grew older, with the AMEn decreasing between wk 1 (3,286 kcal/kg) and wk 2 (2,988 kcal/kg), increasing in wk 3 (3,117 kcal/kg) and then plateauing. The AMEn of corn declined quadratically ( P < 0.05) with advancing broiler age; the highest AMEn was observed in wk 1 and 5, the lowest AMEn in wk 2, with the other weeks being intermediate. In conclusion, the present results showed that broiler age has a substantial impact on the AME and AMEn of cereal grains and the effect varied depending on the cereal grain. These data suggest that age dependent AME and AMEn values may need to be considered when formulating broiler diets to improve the precision of feed formulation and production efficiency.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…All previous studies on age-related responses have been conducted with grain-based complete diets ( Olukosi and Bedford, 2019 ; Yang et al, 2020 ). To our knowledge, no published data are available on age effects for the AMEn of individual cereal grains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apparent metabolizable energy of cereal grains for broiler chickens is influenced by age

et al. 2021

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“…Although the focus of the present work is TIDE, a discussion of AIDE data is relevant, and pertinent comparisons are included because the limited published data available on ileal digestible energy to date relate to AIDE. Most data are for the AIDE of complete diets ( Camden et al., 2001 ; de Coca-Sinova et al., 2008 ; Romero et al., 2014 ; Yang et al., 2020 ), but some studies have also reported the AIDE of individual cereal grains, including corn ( Gehring et al., 2012 ), wheat, and barley ( Scott et al., 1998 ). In the present study, the AIDE of corn, sorghum, wheat, and barley was determined to be 3,544, 3,296, 2,758, and 2,519 kcal/kg, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of ileal endogenous energy losses and true ileal digestible energy of cereal grains for broiler chickens

et al. 2020

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Two experiments were conducted to determine the ileal endogenous energy losses ( IEEL ) and nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy ( AMEn ) and true ileal digestible energy ( TIDE ) of 4 cereal grains (corn, sorghum, wheat, and barley) for broilers. In experiment 1, a glucose-based purified diet was used to determine the IEEL for correcting the apparent ileal digestible energy ( AIDE ) values to TIDE. The diet was randomly allocated to 6 replicates (6 birds per replicate) of male broilers and fed from 18 to 21 d after hatch. The jejunal and ileal digesta were collected on day 21. The results showed that glucose absorption continued beyond the jejunum but was complete in the terminal ileum demonstrating that endogenous energy losses can be quantified in the ileal digesta of birds by feeding a glucose-based diet. The IEEL were determined to be 347 ± 29.4 kcal/kg DM intake. In experiment 2, 4 experimental diets with similar inclusion (957 g/kg) of grains were developed to determine the AMEn, AIDE, and TIDE. Titanium dioxide (5.0 g/kg) was added to all diets as an indigestible marker. Each diet was randomly allocated to 6 replicates (8 birds per replicate) and fed from 14 to 21 d after hatch, and the ileal digesta were collected on day 21. The AIDE was corrected to TIDE using the IEEL value determined in experiment 1. The TIDE of corn, sorghum, wheat, and barley were determined to be 3,920, 3,650, 3,138, and 2,885 kcal/kg DM, respectively, and was higher ( P < 0.05) than the corresponding AMEn values of 3,439, 3,284, 2,576, and 2,371 kcal/kg DM, respectively. No differences were observed between the AMEn and AIDE. The AMEn:TIDE ratio tended ( P = 0.06) to be lower for viscous cereals (wheat and barley) than that for nonviscous cereals (corn and sorghum). The apparent ileal digestibility of DM, nitrogen, and starch was positively correlated ( P < 0.001) with TIDE ( r = 0.990, 0.703, and 0.705, respectively) and the AMEn ( r = 0.873, 0.483, and 0.656, respectively). Further studies are warranted to determine the TIDE of a range of ingredients and to investigate the application of TIDE as a potential available energy system in poultry feed formulations.

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“…The determination of the metabolizable energy of feed ingredients before 14 days of age may present lower values than those obtained with older birds, and the metabolizable energy values determined in older broilers may overestimate the availability of energy for younger birds. (27) Sakomura et al (28) found a linear increase in the activity of amylase, trypsin, and lipase with the advancing age of broilers (1 to 7, 8 to 14, 15 to 21, and 22 to 28 days), and the phase of the highest increase occurred between the first and second weeks of age, coinciding with the maximum allometric growth of pancreas.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Environmental temperature and broiler age on corn energy value

et al. 2021

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This study aimed to assess the effects of environmental temperature and age of broilers on the energy value of corn. A total of 288 Cobb 500 chicks were distributed in a complete randomized design with a split-plot arrangement and six replications of six chicks each. The main plot consisted of three temperatures (cold: 18 ºC; thermoneutral: 25 ºC; and hot: 33 ºC), while the secondary plot consisted of age (initial: 11 to 14 days; growing: 25 to 28 days; and final: 39 to 42 days). The basal diet was based on corn and soybean meal. The test diet was produced by replacing the basal diet for test food: 40% corn + 60% basal diet. The mean values of AMEn observed for broiler chicks under cold, thermoneutral, and hot temperatures were 3322, 3279, and 3233 kcal/kg of natural matter, respectively, and 3215, 3218, and 3400 kcal/ kg of natural matter for the initial, growing, and final phases, respectively. Overall, the metabolizable energy values of corn and the balance and coefficients of metabolizability of nutrients in the test diet increased with the broiler age, but the true metabolizable energies of corn were not affected by environmental temperature. The balance and coefficients of metabolizability of nutrients in the test diet decreased due to heat exposure during the growing and final phases.

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Effect of age on the relationship between metabolizable energy and digestible energy for broiler chickens

Cited by 51 publications

References 38 publications

Apparent metabolizable energy of cereal grains for broiler chickens is influenced by age

Apparent metabolizable energy of cereal grains for broiler chickens is influenced by age

Measurement of ileal endogenous energy losses and true ileal digestible energy of cereal grains for broiler chickens

Environmental temperature and broiler age on corn energy value

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