RESUMO -Avaliou-se a digestibilidade aparente do milho, amido de milho, milho extrusado, germe de milho, sorgo, farelo de trigo, farelo de arroz, glúten 21, glúten 60, farelo de soja, farelo de canola, farelo de algodão, farinha de peixe, farinha de carne, farinha de vísceras de aves, farinha de sangue e farinha de penas. Confeccionaram-se 18 rações, marcadas com 0,10% de óxido de crômio III, uma delas, basal purificada, e as demais, contendo os ingredientes. Os peixes, 100 juvenis com 100±10 g, foram alojados em cinco tanques-rede para facilitar o manejo de alimentação e a coleta de fezes e permaneceram, durante o dia, em cinco aquários (250 L) de alimentação, recebendo refeições à vontade das 8 às 17h30. Após, foram transferidos para cinco aquários (300 L) de coleta de fezes, onde permaneceram até a manhã do dia subseqüente. O coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente dos ingredientes foi calculado com base no teor de óxido crômio da ração e das fezes. Com base nos resultados, concluiu-se que, entre os ingredientes energéticos, o milho apresentou o melhor coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente, seguindo-se o milho extrusado, o farelo de trigo e o farelo de arroz; dos ingredientes protéicos -vegetal, o glúten 60 e o glúten 21, seguidos do farelo de canola, apresentou os melhores coeficientes e dos protéicos -animal, destacou-se a farinha de vísceras de aves, seguida da farinha de peixes, enquanto os piores coeficientes foram proporcionados pela farinha de penas e farinha de sangue. Palavras-chave: digestibilidade, ingredientes, tilápia do Nilo, Oreochromis niloticus Apparent Digestibility of Feedstuffs by Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)ABSTRACT -Apparent digestibility of corn, corn-starch, extruded corn, corn-germ, sorghum, wheat middlings, rice meal, corn gluten meal, gluten 60, soybean meal, canola meal, cottonseed meal, fish meal, meat and bone meal, poultry by-product meal, blood meal and poultry feathers hydrolyzed meal were determined for Nile tilapia juveniles (100±10 g) fed purified diet and 0.10% chromic oxide. Fish were maintained in 5 aquaria (250 L) at a density of 20 fish/aquarium for feeding, between 8a.m. and 5:30 p.m. After this period, they were transferred for aquaria (300 L) appropriate for fecal collection. The apparent digestibility of nutrient was determined by assessing the difference between the feed and fecal concentrations of the marker. Results of this study indicate that among energetic ingredients, corn, extruded corn, wheat middlings and rice meal had the highest apparent digestibility coefficient and gluten 60, corn gluten meal, canola meal for proteic ingredients. Among animal sources, poultry by-product and fish meal showed high apparent coefficients and, poultry feathers hydrolyzed and blood meal low apparent coefficients for Nile tilapia.
This study was undertaken in a closed system with Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to examine the effects of total replacement of ¢sh meal (FM) by soybean meal. Nile tilapia ¢ngerlings with an average weight of 5.34 AE 0.08 g were hand-fed one of the ¢ve isoenergetic (% 13.5 MJ digestible energy kg À1 ) and isoproteic (% 31% of digestible protein) experimental diets to satiation, six times a day during 85 days in eight replicate ¢breglass tanks (six ¢sh per tank). The control diet containing FM was substituted by soybean meal, with and without essential amino acids (lysine, methionine and threonine) or dicalcium phosphate supplementation. The supplemental amino acids were added at levels to simulate the reference amino acid pro¢le of Nile tilapia carcass protein, based on the ideal protein concept. The results showed that soybean meal diet supplemented only with dicalcium phosphate was inferior to the control diet with FM and soybean meal diets supplemented with dicalcium phosphate and essential amino acids. Multiple essential amino acids and dicalcium phosphate incorporation in soybean meal diets was associated with performance, whole-body composition and carcass yield equal to that of the ¢sh fed with the control diet containing FM. These data suggest that a diet with all plant protein source, supplemented with essential amino acids, based on tissue amino acid pro¢le, can totally replace FM in a diet for Nile tilapia, without adverse e¡ects on the growth performance, carcass yield and composition.
RESUMO -O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente (CDA) dos aminoácidos do milho, farelo de trigo, farelo de soja e da farinha de peixe. Empregaram-se juvenis de tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) (25,24 ± 3,88 g) alimentados com ração referência peletizada contendo 0,10% de óxido de crômio (indicador) e 33,78% de proteína bruta. O CDA médio dos aminoácidos foi de: 88,31; 77,40; 91,78 Rev. bras. zootec., 30(4):1143-1149, 2001Introdução As rações comerciais para tilápias possuem de 25 a 40% de proteína bruta, o que implica em elevada participação de ingredientes protéicos, que correspondem a mais de 50% de seu custo. O aumento na produtividade requer a utilização de rações completas, pois o alimento natural não é capaz de atender as exigências dos peixes, principalmente quando criados em tanques-rede e "raceways", onde a elevada biomassa por área e as deficiências ou desbalanços de nutrientes podem acarretar perdas de produtividade e, conseqüentemente, menor retorno econômico.Uma ração formulada com base em proteína bruta ou aminoácidos totais pode não atender as necessidades nutricionais dos peixes. Deficiências ou excessos de aminoácidos interferem na utilização da fração nitrogenada, assim como na composição química e no rendimento de carcaça do peixe (WILSON et al., 1981). Dessa forma, uma ração completa, somente será obtida quando for conhecida a digestibilidade de todos os aminoácidos dos ingredientes que a compõe. Para tal, apresenta-se como fundamental a determinação da digestibilidade de aminoácidos dos principais ingredientes utilizados em sua confecção.O coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente (CDA) dos aminoácidos de fontes protéicas tem sido obtido principalmente para peixes carnívoros. Para essas espécies, a baixa eficiência de utilização dos aminoácidos do farelo de soja é associada ao elevado teor de carboidratos e inibidores de proteases (KROGDAHL et al., 1994), que são negativamente relacionados com o CDA (ARNESEN et al., 1989;
*Autor correspondente
This present study aimed at evaluating the effect of the addition of an emulsifier to diets containing soybean oil, poultry fat or their blend, on the performance, carcass traits, serum lipid levels, pancreatic lipase concentration and nutrient digestibility of broilers. A randomized block design was applied using a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement, with three fat sources (soybean oil, poultry fat, and a blend of 50% soybean oil and 50% poultry fat) and the addition or not of an emulsifier. In experiment I, broiler performance, carcass traits, serum cholesterol, HDL, and triglyceride levels, and pancreatic lipase activity in 42-day-old broilers were evaluated. In experiment II, dry matter (DM), ether extract (EE), crude protein (CP) and crude fiber (CF) coefficients of digestibility were analyzed. Broilers fed the diet containing soybean oil and emulsifier presented higher body weight, weight gain and better feed conversion ratio. When birds were fed poultry fat and the fat blend (soybean oil and poultry fat) and the emulsifier was added to the diets, pancreatic lipase concentration increased. It was concluded that the use of soybean oil, poultry fat and their blend does no in the diet does not influence the performance, carcass traits, or serum cholesterol, HDL and triglyceride levels of 42-day-old broilers. The addition of emulsifiers to diets containing poultry fat improves ether extract digestibility and increases the production and secretion of pancreatic lipase
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.