Effect of Air Flow on Emission of Smoldering Incense

Yang, Tsung-Hsun; Chen, Chih-Chieh; Lin, Jheng-Hua

doi:10.1007/s00128-005-0607-1

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The increase the proportion of the 1,3-butadiene, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, benzene, toluene and total VOC emission factors from 8 to 12 L min -1 range from 18.04-34.41%. This analytical result is similar to a previous study reported by Yang et al (2005) indicated when the higher air flow rate with a less combustion efficiency, the VOC emission factors were more higher. Hence, these data from smoldering mosquito coil C with various airflow rates indicate environmental combustion was controlled at low airflow rates and produced a low emission rates and factors for total volatile organic pollutants.…”

Section: Effect Of Airflow Rates On Volatile Organic Pollutant Emissionssupporting

confidence: 92%

Characterization of Volatile Organic Pollutant Emissions from Smoldering Mosquito Coils Containing Various Atomic Hydrogen/Carbon Ratios

Yang

Lin

Shie

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from smoldering mosquito coils containing various atomic hydrogen/carbon (H/C) ratios in different relative humidity were examined. The concentrations of individual VOCs were determined using a preconcentrator-gas chromatography/mass spectrometer (GC/MS) and a flame ion detector (FID). Up to 72 VOCs were found. It is noteworthy that benzene and 1,3-butadiene, human carcinogenic substances, were emitted by all tested mosquito coils during burning. The five types of mosquito coils studied had atomic H/C ratios ranging from 1.23 to 1.57, yielding total VOC emission rates and factors of 7,295.72-14,308.17 µg hr -1 and 3,192.78-6,835.03 µg g -1 , respectively. VOC emissions were significantly influenced by the carbon, hydrogen and oxygen contents of coils. According to the analyses of VOC emissions, mosquito coils containing the lowest H/C ratio, a low oxygen content, with suitable additives such as CaCO 3 are recommended for minimizing total VOC emission.

show abstract

Section: Effect Of Airflow Rates On Volatile Organic Pollutant Emissionssupporting

confidence: 92%

Characterization of Volatile Organic Pollutant Emissions from Smoldering Mosquito Coils Containing Various Atomic Hydrogen/Carbon Ratios

Yang

Lin

Shie

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…1) and detailed elsewhere (Yang et al 2005). The incense was ignited and inserted into an incense holder at the bottom of the smoldering chamber.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The flow of air (oxygen: 79%, nitrogen: 21%, Chiah Lung Gas Co., Taiwan), which was forced through a high efficiency particle air (HEPA) filter unit prior to be introduced into the gas mixing chamber to ensure complete mixing, was controlled by mass flow controllers. The testing flow rate was determined as 10 L/min based on our previous experiments (Yang et al 2005) because the emission of total volatile organic compounds would be reaching steady when the airflow rate was higher than 10 L/min. The generated gases and aerosol pollutants were introduced into a 7.8 L test chamber.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gaseous PAHs and aliphatic aldehydes also detrimentally affect health. In addition, the particle phase is mainly submicrometer particles (less than 1 lm) (Yang et al 2005), whose surface areas embed many organic compounds such as PAHs and aldehydes. Thus, adverse health effects with respect to the exposure to incense smokes may be as a result of the combination of extremely high enumber of submicrometer particles and organic compounds occurring in those smokes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Characteristics of Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds from Smoldering Incense

Yang

Lin

Chang

2007

Bull Environ Contam Toxicol

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The incense was burned in a standard combustion system that has been used in previous studies and described in detail (Yang et al, 2005;. Briefly, the system was modified by adding a controlling device to maintain relative humidity in the test environment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas Pollutant Emissions from Smoldering Incense Using FTIR

Yang

Kuo

Hung

et al. 2007

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study characterized the effects of smoldering incenses and combustion conditions on gaseous pollutant yields. Incense comes in three types: non-smoke (A), reduced-smoke (B) and traditional-smoke incense (C and D). Each incense type was burned in a test chamber with various combustion conditions (airflow rate and relative humidity). An extractive Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) was used to measure gas pollutants from smoldering incense in real time. Concentrations of methane, ethylene, methanol, formaldehyde and ammonia were measured using the IR spectra of smoldering incense samples. The resulting order of total emission factors of the identified gas pollutants (sum of methane, ethylene, methanol, formaldehyde and ammonia) were non-smoke < reduced-smoke < traditional smoke incenses. Total gas-pollutant emission rates and factors increased logarithmically as the airflow rate increased (2-28 L/min). Finally, the emission rates and factors of ethylene and methane decreased linearly as relative humidity increased (18-97%), while those for ammonia, methanol and formaldehyde increased. Results can be utilized to solve indoor air pollution problems caused by burning incense. Assuming that incense will continue to be burned when paying respect to ancestors, using incense made of lowvolatility materials, with high carbon levels, low airflow rates and high environmental relative humidity can minimize gas-pollutant production.

show abstract

Effect of Air Flow on Emission of Smoldering Incense

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Characterization of Volatile Organic Pollutant Emissions from Smoldering Mosquito Coils Containing Various Atomic Hydrogen/Carbon Ratios

Characterization of Volatile Organic Pollutant Emissions from Smoldering Mosquito Coils Containing Various Atomic Hydrogen/Carbon Ratios

Characteristics of Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds from Smoldering Incense

Gas Pollutant Emissions from Smoldering Incense Using FTIR

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About