Effect of air pollution on athlete health and performance

Rundell, Kenneth W.

doi:10.1136/bjsports-2011-090823

Cited by 91 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…25 Most of the toxic effects of PM have been attributed either to direct damage to lung tissue or release of inflammatory mediators from airway cells into the circulatory system. 26 Notwithstanding these considerations, the biological mechanisms by which PM 2.5 exposure increases to BC mortality remain unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric fine particulate matter and breast cancer mortality: a population-based cohort study

et al. 2016

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ObjectivesAtmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has multiple adverse effects on human health. Global atmospheric levels of PM2.5 increased by 0.55 μg/m3/year (2.1%/year) from 1998 through 2012. There is evidence of a causal relationship between atmospheric PM2.5 and breast cancer (BC) incidence, but few studies have investigated BC mortality and atmospheric PM2.5. We investigated BC mortality in relation to atmospheric PM2.5 levels among patients living in Varese Province, northern Italy.MethodsWe selected female BC cases, archived in the local population-based cancer registry, diagnosed at age 50–69 years, between 2003 and 2009. The geographic coordinates of each woman's place of residence were identified, and individual PM2.5 exposures were assessed from satellite data. Grade, stage, age at diagnosis, period of diagnosis and participation in BC screening were potential confounders. Kaplan-Meir and Nelson-Aalen methods were used to test for mortality differences in relation to PM2.5 quartiles. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards modelling estimated HRs and 95% CIs of BC death in relation to PM2.5 exposure.ResultsOf 2021 BC cases, 325 died during follow-up to 31 December 2013, 246 for BC. Risk of BC death was significantly higher for all three upper quartiles of PM2.5 exposure compared to the lowest, with HRs of death: 1.82 (95% CI 1.15 to 2.89), 1.73 (95% CI 1.12 to 2.67) and 1.72 (95% CI 1.08 to 2.75).ConclusionsOur study indicates that the risk of BC mortality increases with PM2.5 exposure. Although additional research is required to confirm these findings, they are further evidence that PM2.5 exposure is harmful and indicate an urgent need to improve global air quality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric fine particulate matter and breast cancer mortality: a population-based cohort study

et al. 2016

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] The key points made by the authors in the previous issue were as follows: fi rst, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR)/asthma is the most common chronic medical condition experienced by both Summer and Winter Olympic athletes; 8 second, those athletes sustaining high ventilation during exercise and/or those exposed to environmentally unfavourable conditions (such as cold dry air, polluted air or chlorinated indoor pools), [5][6][7] are likely to incur injury to the airway epithelium during high-level exercise; third, in susceptible athletes, the repeated injury and repair process of the epithelium could lead to structural and functional changes within the airways and be the underlying cause for the development of AHR/asthma. 3 This paper prepared by the same authors briefl y presents the main respiratory conditions observed in elite athletes and indicates their likely origin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory health of elite athletes – preventing airway injury: a critical review

et al. 2012

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Elite athletes, particularly those engaged in endurance sports and those exposed chronically to airborne pollutants/irritants or allergens, are at increased risk for upper and lower airway dysfunction. Airway epithelial injury may be caused by dehydration and physical stress applied to the airways during severe exercise hyperpnoea and/or by inhalation of noxious agents. This is thought to initiate an inflammatory cascade/repair process that, ultimately, could lead to airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and asthma in susceptible athletes. The authors review the evidence relating to prevention or reduction of the risk of AHR/asthma development. Appropriate measures should be implemented when athletes exercise strenuously in an attempt to attenuate the dehydration stress and reduce the exposure to noxious airborne agents. Environmental interventions are the most important. Non-pharmacological strategies can assist, but currently, pharmacological measures have not been demonstrated to be effective. Whether early prevention of airway injury in elite athletes can prevent or reduce progression to AHR/asthma remains to be established.

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“…7 The sports medicine literature provides evidence for a negative relationship between ambient air pollution and performance through particulate matter inhalation (Rundell, 2012).…”

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confidence: 99%

Productivity effects of air pollution: Evidence from professional soccer

2017

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. www.econstor.eu The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent nonprofit organization supported by Deutsche Post Foundation. The center is associated with the University of Bonn and offers a stimulating research environment through its international network, workshops and conferences, data service, project support, research visits and doctoral program. IZA engages in (i) original and internationally competitive research in all fields of labor economics, (ii) development of policy concepts, and (iii) dissemination of research results and concepts to the interested public. Terms of use: Documents in D I S C U S S I O N P A P E R S E R I E SIZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author. In this paper, we estimate the causal effect of ambient air pollution on individuals' productivity by using panel data on the universe of professional soccer players in Germany over the period [1999][2000][2001][2002][2003][2004][2005][2006][2007][2008][2009][2010][2011]. Combining this data with hourly information on the concentration of particulate matter in spatial proximity to each stadium at the time of kickoff, we exploit exogenous variation in the players' exposure to air pollution due to match scheduling rules that are beyond the control of teams and players. Our analysis shows negative and nonlinear effects of air pollution on short-run productivity. We further find that the effect increases with age and is stronger in case players face an additional physical burden.JEL Classification: J24, Q51, Q53

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Effect of air pollution on athlete health and performance

Cited by 91 publications

References 38 publications

Atmospheric fine particulate matter and breast cancer mortality: a population-based cohort study

Atmospheric fine particulate matter and breast cancer mortality: a population-based cohort study

Respiratory health of elite athletes – preventing airway injury: a critical review

Productivity effects of air pollution: Evidence from professional soccer

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