“…Antioxidant activity of phenolic acids in lipids has been investigated in so many studies to date. The capacity of phenolic acids to prevent lipid oxidation is undoubtedly related to their structural characteristics, especially the number of functional groups of higher efficacy 2 . Hydroxyl groups are considered among the substituents with very high electron-donating trait in phenolic compounds.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…They are widely used in pharmaceutical industry and have been reported to show anxiolytic, antirheumatic, anticarcinogenetic, anti-inflammatory, and antimutagenic properties 7 . A recent study has established that these compounds are the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) inhibitors 2 , 8 . Figure 1 Chemical structure of gentisic acid (2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid) ( A ) and α-resorcylic acid (3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid) ( B ).…”
The antioxidant activity of gentisic (GA) and α-resorcylic (α-RA) acids was investigated by considering their molecular structures in various oxidative environments, including DPPH· scavenging assay, stripped olive and soybean oils, and the corresponding oil-in-water emulsions. The mechanism of action in the oils was evaluated in the presence of different concentrations of the antioxidants at 60 °C, using the kinetic parameters the stabilization factor (F), the oxidation rate ratio (ORR), the activity (A), and the average rate of antioxidant consumption ($$\overline{r}_{{{\text{AH}}}}$$
r
¯
AH
). GA was significantly more potent antioxidant than α-RA in all the environments. Although the less polar α-RA showed better activity in the emulsions rather than in the bulk oils, GA with an ortho-hydroxy structure had higher capacity to scavenge DPPH·, and LOO· in the oils and emulsions. The lower performance of α-RA was attributed to its participation in side reactions of chain initiation (AH + LOOH → A· + L· + H2O) and propagation (A· + LH → AH + L·) as competed with the main chain termination reaction (LOO· + AH → LOOH + A·).
“…Antioxidant activity of phenolic acids in lipids has been investigated in so many studies to date. The capacity of phenolic acids to prevent lipid oxidation is undoubtedly related to their structural characteristics, especially the number of functional groups of higher efficacy 2 . Hydroxyl groups are considered among the substituents with very high electron-donating trait in phenolic compounds.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…They are widely used in pharmaceutical industry and have been reported to show anxiolytic, antirheumatic, anticarcinogenetic, anti-inflammatory, and antimutagenic properties 7 . A recent study has established that these compounds are the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) inhibitors 2 , 8 . Figure 1 Chemical structure of gentisic acid (2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid) ( A ) and α-resorcylic acid (3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid) ( B ).…”
The antioxidant activity of gentisic (GA) and α-resorcylic (α-RA) acids was investigated by considering their molecular structures in various oxidative environments, including DPPH· scavenging assay, stripped olive and soybean oils, and the corresponding oil-in-water emulsions. The mechanism of action in the oils was evaluated in the presence of different concentrations of the antioxidants at 60 °C, using the kinetic parameters the stabilization factor (F), the oxidation rate ratio (ORR), the activity (A), and the average rate of antioxidant consumption ($$\overline{r}_{{{\text{AH}}}}$$
r
¯
AH
). GA was significantly more potent antioxidant than α-RA in all the environments. Although the less polar α-RA showed better activity in the emulsions rather than in the bulk oils, GA with an ortho-hydroxy structure had higher capacity to scavenge DPPH·, and LOO· in the oils and emulsions. The lower performance of α-RA was attributed to its participation in side reactions of chain initiation (AH + LOOH → A· + L· + H2O) and propagation (A· + LH → AH + L·) as competed with the main chain termination reaction (LOO· + AH → LOOH + A·).
“…α-Resorcylic acid (3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid) is found in peanuts ( Arachis hypogaea ), chickpeas ( Cicer arietinum ), red sandalwood ( Pterocarpus santalinus ) and hill raspberry ( Rubus niveus ). Studies show that α-resorcylic acid has nematicidal, antioxidant, adipocytes lipolysis inhibitory and polyphenoloxidase (PPO) inhibitory activity 42 . 3-hydroxybenzoic acid is found in common plants such as grapefruit ( Citrus paradisi ), olive oil ( Olea europaea ) and medlar fruit ( Mespilus germanica ).…”
Aldose reductase (AR) inhibitors have vital importance in the treatment and prevention of diabetic complications. In this study, rat kidney AR was purified 19.34-fold with a yield of 3.49% and a specific activity of 0.88 U/mg using DE-52 Cellulose anion exchange chromatography, gel filtration chromatography and 2′5′ ADP Sepharose-4B affinity chromatography, respectively. After purification, the in vitro inhibition effects of some phenolic acids (tannic acid, chlorogenic acid, sinapic acid, protocatechuic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid, α-resorcylic acid, 3-hydroxybenzoic acid and gallic acid) were investigated on purified enzyme. We determined IC50, Ki values and inhibition types of these phenolic acids. As a result, tannic and chlorogenic acid had a strong inhibition effect. On the other hand, gallic acid had a weak inhibition effect. In this study, all phenolic acids except for chlorogenic acid and p-coumaric acid showed non-competitive inhibition effects on rat kidney AR.
“…Short peptides and their derivatives are promising alternatives for biocompatible tyrosinase inhibitors. − A milk protein β-lactoglobulin was reported to suppress melanogenesis in melanocytes , and its peptide fragments such as YFYPEL, WYSLAMAA, YVEEL, and MHIRL were found to be the primary sites involved in tyrosinase inhibition. , These peptide fragments may serve as good precursors for derivatization to improve the tyrosinase inhibition activity. In particular, the development of short peptide derivatives with multifunctional activities, including tyrosinase inhibition, may be of great interest in the fields of medicine, biology, and cosmetics.…”
The regulation of tyrosinase activity and reactive oxygen species is of great importance for the prevention of dermatological disorders in the fields of medicine and cosmetics. Herein, we report a strategy based on solid-phase peptide chemistry for the synthesis of β-lactoglobulin peptide fragment/caffeic acid (CA) conjugates (CA-Peps) with dual activities of tyrosinase inhibition and antioxidation. The purity of the prepared conjugates, CA-MHIR, CA-HIRL, and CA-HIR, significantly increased to 99%, as acetonide-protected CA was employed in solid-phase coupling reactions on Rink amide resins. The tyrosinase inhibitory activities of all CA-Pep derivatives were higher than the activity of kojic acid, and CA-MHIR exhibited the highest tyrosinase inhibition activity (IC = 47.9 μM). Moreover, CA-Pep derivatives displayed significantly enhanced antioxidant activities in the peroxidation of linoleic acid as compared to the pristine peptide fragments. All CA-Pep derivatives showed no cytotoxicity against B16-F1 melanoma cells.
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