Effect of Alternaria solani Exudates on Resistant and Susceptible Potato Cultivars from Two Different pathogen isolates

Shahbazi, Hadis; Aminian, Heshmatolah; Sahebani, Navazollah; Halterman, Dennis

doi:10.5423/ppj.2011.27.1.014

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Conidial suspension spray (103 spores/mL) was used to inoculate 1-month-old potato ' Agria' plants after emergence. After pathogen inoculation, the plants were covered for 48 h with plastic bags in the greenhouse with 14 h of light and 10 h of darkness [14]. For estimation of the proportion of the leaf surfaces infected with A. alternata, disease rating was conducted at 7 days after inoculation based on the following 5-point scoring scale: 0 = no disease symptoms, lesions as pinpoints and nonmeasurable; 1 = <10% of the leaves have brown necrotic lesions; 2 = 10% to 25%; 3 = more than 25% to 50%; 4 = more than 50% to 75% of the leaves have brown necrotic lesions; and 5 = more than 75% to 100% of the leaves have brown necrotic lesions or appeared completely brown [15].…”

Section: Virulence Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of virulence and genetic variability of Alternaria alternata associated with leaf spot disease in potato plants in Iran

Nasr-Esfahani¹

2018

Acta Mycol

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Leaf spot disease in potato is caused by Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler, an opportunistic pathogen that infests many agricultural crops worldwide in the field and during postharvest storage of vegetables and fruits. Alternaria alternata is associated with leaf spot disease in potato in Iran. Thus, there is a need to investigate the virulence and genetic variability of Iranian A. alternata isolates to facilitate the development of appropriate management strategies. In the present study, we analyzed a total of 28 isolates obtained from the main potato-growing regions of Iran, including the Ardebil, Hamedan, Isfahan, and Fars provinces. The pathogens were characterized based on sequence analysis of the genes encoding glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpd), plasma membrane ATPase, Alternaria allergen a 1 (Alt a1), calmodulin, and actin. In addition, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR), and virulence studies were performed. Phylogenetic analysis of the combined dataset indicated that the five representative isolates were grouped with the subcluster comprising A. alternata. RAPD and ISSR analyses clustered the 28 A. alternata isolates into different groups with no correlation with their corresponding geographical origins. Results of the pathogenicity assay indicated that all A. alternata isolates were pathogenic against potato. However, the A. alternata isolates showed high variability in terms of virulence.

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Section: Virulence Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of virulence and genetic variability of Alternaria alternata associated with leaf spot disease in potato plants in Iran

Nasr-Esfahani¹

2018

Acta Mycol

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“…Two classes of toxins have been identified in B. cinerea that exhibit non-specific phytotoxicity: the sesquiterpene toxin, botrydial, and related metabolites, and the polyketide toxin, botcinic acid, and its derivatives [ 15 , 19 – 21 ]. In contrast to B. cinerea , Alternaria solani primarily infects members of the Solanaceae such as tomato, potato, peppers, and eggplant [ 22 ]. Like B. cinerea , A. solani uses toxins to induce necrosis in its hosts [ 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Like B. cinerea , A. solani uses toxins to induce necrosis in its hosts [ 23 ]. While as many as eleven toxins have been identified in cultures of A. solani , alternaric acid and solanopyrones A, B, and C, have been implicated as the primary necrosis-inducing toxins [ 22 , 24 , 25 ]. Although necrosis of host tissues is known to be induced by toxins, additional, unknown factors may be involved in the host specificity of A. solani [ 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance to Botrytis cinerea in Solanum lycopersicoides involves widespread transcriptional reprogramming

et al. 2014

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BackgroundTomato (Solanum lycopersicum), one of the world’s most important vegetable crops, is highly susceptible to necrotrophic fungal pathogens such as Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria solani. Improving resistance through conventional breeding has been hampered by a shortage of resistant germplasm and difficulties in introgressing resistance into elite germplasm without linkage drag. The goal of this study was to explore natural variation among wild Solanum species to identify new sources of resistance to necrotrophic fungi and dissect mechanisms underlying resistance against B. cinerea.ResultsAmong eight wild species evaluated for resistance against B. cinerea and A. solani, S. lycopersicoides expressed the highest levels of resistance against both pathogens. Resistance against B. cinerea manifested as containment of pathogen growth. Through next-generation RNA sequencing and de novo assembly of the S. lycopersicoides transcriptome, changes in gene expression were analyzed during pathogen infection. In response to B. cinerea, differentially expressed transcripts grouped into four categories: genes whose expression rapidly increased then rapidly decreased, genes whose expression rapidly increased and plateaued, genes whose expression continually increased, and genes with decreased expression. Homology-based searches also identified a limited number of highly expressed B. cinerea genes. Almost immediately after infection by B. cinerea, S. lycopersicoides suppressed photosynthesis and metabolic processes involved in growth, energy generation, and response to stimuli, and simultaneously induced various defense-related genes, including pathogenesis-related protein 1 (PR1), a beta-1,3-glucanase (glucanase), and a subtilisin-like protease, indicating a shift in priority towards defense. Moreover, cluster analysis revealed novel, uncharacterized genes that may play roles in defense against necrotrophic fungal pathogens in S. lycopersicoides. The expression of orthologous defense-related genes in S. lycopersicum after infection with B. cinerea revealed differences in the onset and intensity of induction, thus illuminating a potential mechanism explaining the increased susceptibility. Additionally, metabolic pathway analyses identified putative defense-related categories of secondary metabolites.ConclusionsIn sum, this study provided insight into resistance against necrotrophic fungal pathogens in the Solanaceae, as well as novel sequence resources for S. lycopersicoides.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-334) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Sob temperatura e umidade elevadas, esta doença é um dos principais fatores limitantes do cultivo na época das águas, podendo causar danos de 6 a 100% na produção, caso não sejam realizadas pulverizações ou as epidemias se iniciem de forma precoce (TÖFOLI et al, 2013). A doença é caracterizada pela formação de lesões castanho-escuras e necrose do tecido entre as nervuras da folha (SHAHBAZI et al, 2011). Entre os fatores que contribuem para a ocorrên-cia de epidemias severas de pinta-preta, destacam-se: plantio massivo de clones suscetíveis, predominância de condições climáticas favorá-veis no decorrer das principais safras, alta capacidade de esporulação do agente causal, presença de hospedeiros intermediários, existência de inóculo no decorrer do ano inteiro e facilidade de disseminação (TÖFOLI et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Reação de clones de batata a Alternaria solani em condições de campo

Okita¹,

Vasconcelos²,

Costa³

et al. 2014

Científica

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ResumoA batata é o terceiro alimento mais importante para a humanidade, possuindo elevado potencial produtivo. No entanto, a doença conhecida como pinta-preta é um dos principais fatores limitantes, podendo causar perdas de 6 a 100% na produção. O objetivo deste trabalho foi selecionar clones de batata com resistência à pinta-preta. O experimento de campo foi conduzido no ano de 2010, em delineamento em blocos casualizados (DBC), com 10 tratamentos e quatro repetições (parcelas de 32 x 14 m). Foram utilizados nove clones e a cultivar 'Asterix' como padrão de resistência. As avaliações de severidade da doença foram realizadas aos 70; 85; 95 e 105 dias após a emergência (DAE), e a colheita, aos 120 DAE. Os dados referentes à severidade e à produtividade média de tubérculos por hectare foram submetidos à análise de variância e ao teste de Scott-Knott (P≤0,05); além disso, modelos de regressão linear foram obtidos para estimar a taxa de progresso da pinta-preta da batata, dos 70 aos 105 DAE. Os clones CNPH CIP 53 e CNPH CIP 44 apresentaram valores de severidade aos 105 DAE, de 18,5% e 34,25%, respectivamente, sendo estatisticamente inferiores aos demais tratamentos, os quais variaram entre 42 e 70% de área da parcela coberta com os sintomas de pinta-preta. Com base nos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que os clones CNPH CIP 53 e CNPH CIP 44 são os dois melhores clones quanto à resistência à pinta-preta, e os modelos de regressão linear são bem ajustados para estimar a taxa de progresso da pinta-preta da batata a partir dos 70 DAE.Palavras-chave adicionais: epidemiologia de doenças de plantas; melhoramento genético; pintapreta; tubérculo. AbstractPotato is the third more important food for mankind. However, the disease known as early blight is one of the most important limiting factor capable of yield reductions between 6 and 100%. The objective of this study was to select potato clones showing resistance to early blight. The experiment was carried out in the field during the crop year of 2010 with ten treatments and four repetitions which were distributed in the field according to a randomized complete block design. Each plot had an area of 32 X 14 m. Nine potato clones and one cultivar ('Asterix') were evaluated. The evaluations of resistance to disease were conducted 70, 85, 95, and 105 days after emergence (DAE) and harvest was made 120 DAE. The experimental data were submitted to the analysis of variance and the means compared by the Scott-Knott (P < 0.05) test. In addition to that, linear regression models were obtained to estimate the rate of progress of early blight between 70 and 195 DAE. Clones CNPH CIP 53 and CNPH CIP 44 showed severity of disease values at 105 DAE of 18.5 and 34.25% respectively. The statistical analysis showed these values to be significantly inferior to those shown by the other clones. So, clones CNPH CIP 53 and CNPH CIP 44 are indicated as resistant to early blight disease. The linear regression models are well adjusted to estimate the rate of progress of early blight starting 70 DAE.Add...

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Effect of Alternaria solani Exudates on Resistant and Susceptible Potato Cultivars from Two Different pathogen isolates

Cited by 20 publications

References 18 publications

Analysis of virulence and genetic variability of Alternaria alternata associated with leaf spot disease in potato plants in Iran

Analysis of virulence and genetic variability of Alternaria alternata associated with leaf spot disease in potato plants in Iran

Resistance to Botrytis cinerea in Solanum lycopersicoides involves widespread transcriptional reprogramming

Reação de clones de batata a Alternaria solani em condições de campo

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