Effect of aminoguanidine on lipid peroxidation and activities of antioxidant enzymes in the diabetic kidney

Kędziora–Kornatowska, Kornelia; Luciak, M

doi:10.1080/15216549800204102

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…1). The last 3 compounds were used as reference compounds: both aminoguanidine 28,29) and pyridoxamine, 30,31) known to be beneficial in preventing diabetic complications in animals, have been reported to have antioxidant activity. The 4 chitooligosaccharides studied were all inhibitory against benzoate hydroxylation induced by H 2 O 2 , with chitobiose having a markedly high potency; whereas the other sugars studied did not show the inhibitory activity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant Activities of Chitobiose and Chitotriose

Chen

Taguchi

Sakai

et al. 2003

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Chitosan, a polysaccharide made up of b-1,4-linked D-glucosamine residues, is produced by deacetylation of chitin obtained from crab and prawn shells. This polysaccharide is not specifically hydrolyzed by mammalian digestive enzymes, and only limited hydrolysis may occur by the action of enzymes produced by bacterial flora. In recent years, chitosan has attracted much attention as a new biomedical material owing to its unique antibacterial, 1,2) hypoglycemic, [3][4][5] wound-healing, 6,7) and hypocholesterolemic [8][9][10] activities as well as others.11) Even though chitosan has various biologically important properties, its high molecular weight and insolubility in the neutral pH region may restrict its use in vivo. In addition, although the toxicity of chitosan is known to be low, 11) some adverse effects have been reported, including excessive excretion of essential fatty acids 12) and decreased absorption of fat-soluble vitamins and minerals. 13) We consider that it is worthwhile to study the functional properties of the oligosaccharides made from chitosan, because these oligosaccharides, as distinct from chitosan itself, have lower viscosity and are soluble in neutral aqueous solutions. In addition, their toxicity is very low. The biological activities of each of the chitooligosaccharides, however, remain to be studied further.In the present paper, the antioxidant activities of several chitooligosaccharides, especially chitobiose and chitotriose, were studied in different in vitro systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS MaterialsPhenazine methosulfate, nitro blue tetrazolium, pyridoxamine dihydrochloride, D-glucosamine hydrochloride, Trolox (2-carboxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-6-chromanol, a water-soluble a-tocopherol analogue), aminoguanidine hydrochloride, and horseradish peroxidase (Type XII) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, U.S.A.). A series of chitooligosaccharide hydrochlorides, di-N-acetylchitobiose, and tri-N-acetylchitotriose were purchased from Seikagaku (Tokyo, Japan). Chelex-100 was obtained from Nippon Bio-Rad (Yokohama, Japan).Inhibition of H 2 O 2 -Induced Hydroxylation of Benzoate Hydroxylation of benzoate by H 2 O 2 was measured by the method of Giardino et al. 22) except that CuSO 4 was supplemented to the reaction mixture. Briefly, 100 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) containing 30 mM sodium benzoate, 10 mM H 2 O 2 , and 0.1 mM CuSO 4 was incubated for 16 h at 37°C in the presence and absence of a test compound. Then the amount of salicylate formed by the reaction was determined by HPLC with a TSK gel ODS-80TM column (150ϫ4.6 mm, 5 mm; Tosoh, Tokyo, Japan). The mobile phase was 10% (v/v) acetonitrile containing 20 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and chromatography was performed at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and at a column temperature of 37°C. Salicylate was monitored by measuring fluorescence at excitation and emission wavelengths of 308 and 410 nm, respectively. Scavenging of Hydroxyl Radicals Produced by Photolysis of Zinc OxideThe hydroxyl radical-scavenging activities of tes...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant Activities of Chitobiose and Chitotriose

Chen

Taguchi

Sakai

et al. 2003

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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“…2 Diabetes also disturbs natural antioxidant defence systems, changing antioxidant enzyme activities in various tissues including aorta, 3,4 heart, 3,5,6 liver, [5][6][7] lung 8 and kidney. 9 Previous studies have shown that antioxidants, including vitamins C, E, A, 10,11 coenzyme Q10, 6 probucol, 12 and alpha-lipoic acid, 4 have some capacity in preventing or reversing disturbances in tissue antioxidant defence in diabetic animals. On the other hand, an increase in circulating lipids may be a reason for their increased peroxidation in diabetes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of cod liver oil on tissue antioxidant pathways in normal and streptozotocin‐diabetic rats

Hünkar

Aktan

Ceylan

et al. 2002

Cell Biochemistry & Function

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Lipid disorders and increased oxidative stress may exacerbate some complications of diabetes mellitus. Previous studies have implicated the beneficial effects of some antioxidants, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the protection of cells from the destructive effect of increased lipids and lipid peroxidation products. This study, therefore, was designed to investigate the effects of cod liver oil (CLO, Lysi Ltd. Island), which comprises mainly vitamin A, PUFAs, EPA and DHA. Effects were monitored on plasma lipids, lipid peroxidation products (MDA) and the activities of antioxidant enzymes, glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) and catalase in heart, liver, kidney and lung of non-diabetic control and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced-diabetic rats. Two days after STZ-injection (55 mg kg(-1) i.p.), non-diabetic control and diabetic rats were divided randomly into two groups as untreated or treated with CLO (0.5 ml kg(-1) rat per day) for 12 weeks. Plasma glucose, triacylglycerol and cholesterol concentrations were significantly elevated in 12-week untreated-diabetic animals; CLO treatment almost completely prevented these abnormalities in triacylglycerol and cholesterol, but hyperglycaemia was partially controlled. CLO also provided better weight gain in diabetic animals. In untreated diabetic rats, MDA markedly increased in aorta, heart and liver but was not significantly changed in kidney and lung. This was accompanied by a significant increase in both GSHPx and catalase enzyme activities in aorta, heart, and liver of diabetic rats. In kidney and lung, diabetes resulted in reduced catalase while GSHPx was significantly activated. In aorta, heart, and liver, diabetes-induced changes in MDA were entirely prevented by CLO treatment. In the tissues of CLO-treated diabetic animals, GSHPx activity paralleled those of control animals. CLO treatment also caused significant improvements in catalase activities in every tissue of diabetic rats, but failed to affect MDA and antioxidant activity in control animals. The current study suggests that the treatment of diabetic rats with CLO provides better control of glucose and lipid metabolism, allows recovery of normal growth rate, prevents oxidative/peroxidative stress and ameliorates endogenous antioxidant enzyme activities in various tissues. Because CLO contains a plethora of beneficial compounds together, its use for the management of diabetes-induced complications may provide important advantages.

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“…Free MDA concentrations higher than 50 nM would cause a concurrent decrease in the half-life of the collagen cross-link. Where it is measured, MDA concentration tends to double for diabetic subjects (27,31,32).…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactions of Lipid-derived Malondialdehyde with Collagen

Slatter¹,

Paul²,

Murray³

et al. 1999

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Malondialdehyde is a product of fatty acid oxidation (e.g. from low density lipoprotein) implicated in the damage of proteins such as collagen in the cardiovascular system (Chio, K. J., and Tappel, A. L. (1969) Biochemistry 8, 2821-2827). Its concentration is raised in diabetic subjects probably as a side effect of increased protein glycation. Collagen has enzyme-catalyzed cross-links formed between its individual molecules that are essential for maintaining the structure and flexibility of the collagen fiber. The cross-link dehydro-hydroxylysinonorleucine reacts irreversibly with 10 mM malondialdehyde at least 3 orders of magnitude faster than glucose reactions with lysine or arginine, such that there is little cross-link left after 1 h at 37°C. Other cross-links and glycated elements of collagen are also vulnerable. Several possible products of malondialdehyde with collagen cross-links are proposed, and the potential involvement of collagenous histidine in these reactions is discussed. We have also isolated N ␦ -(2-pyrimidyl)-L-ornithine from collagenous arginine reacted with malondialdehyde. The yields of this product were considerably higher than those from model reactions, being approximately 2 molecules/collagen molecule after 1 day at 37°C in 10 mM malondialdehyde. Collagenous lysine-derived malondialdehyde products may have been present but were not protected from protein acid hydrolysis by standard reduction techniques, thus resulting in a multitude of fragmented products.Glycated collagen has been shown to promote the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, adding to their typical fragmentation to a broad range of reactive compounds (1). The two major products are malondialdehyde (MDA) 1 and 4-hydroxynonenal (2). MDA is very reactive and reacts with nucleophilic amine groups such as lysine, arginine, and the amino termini of amino acids (3-5). It also reacts with any ketones or aldehydes from other sources, for example attached sugars or glycation products. Of particular importance is the bifunctional aldehydic property of MDA, which gives it the potential to cross-link proteins, thereby reducing their functional capacity.It is well established that the aorta stiffens with age, a process accelerated in diabetes, and a contributing factor is the glycation cross-linking of the structural framework of collagen (6, 7). The production of MDA from low density lipoprotein (LDL) provides another potential cross-linking agent. Physiologically, LDL insudates the arterial intima, and in developing atheroma, the LDL oxidation products and collagen are in intimate contact. We have therefore suggested that the LDLderived MDA may be responsible, at least in part, for the stiffening of the vascular system in aging, a process that is accelerated in diabetes mellitus, because of increased glycation of the collagen. The expected MDA cross-link after reduction based on previous reports is the imidopropene structure 1,3-di(N ⑀ -lysino) propane (see Fig. 1), bridging two lysines through the reaction with the aldehyde grou...

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Effect of aminoguanidine on lipid peroxidation and activities of antioxidant enzymes in the diabetic kidney

Cited by 12 publications

References 11 publications

Antioxidant Activities of Chitobiose and Chitotriose

Antioxidant Activities of Chitobiose and Chitotriose

Effects of cod liver oil on tissue antioxidant pathways in normal and streptozotocin‐diabetic rats

Reactions of Lipid-derived Malondialdehyde with Collagen

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