Effect of amitrole and 2,4‐D applied preplant and pre‐emergence in soybean (Glycine max)

Abstract

There is limited information on the effect of amitrole and 2,4-D ester applied preplant and pre-emergence in soybean (Glycine max L.) in Ontario, Canada. Six field trials were conducted over a 2 year period (2004 to 2005) at three Ontario locations to evaluate the response of soybean to amitrole or 2,4-D ester applied at 14 days preplant (DPP), 7 DPP, 1 day after planting (DAP), and 7 DAP.The application of amitrole resulted in as much as 5.8, 3.9, 1.7, and 1% visible crop injury in soybean at 7, 14, 28, and 56 days after emergence (DAE), respectively. There was no visible injury in soybean with any amitrole treatment at 56 DAE, except for amitrole applied at 7 DAP, which caused 1% visible injury in soybean at 2310 g ha -1 . The application of the 2,4-D ester caused Յ8.3, 9.7, 4.6, and 1.3% visible injury in soybean at 7, 14, 28, and 56 DAE, respectively.The visible injury decreased over time.There was no visible injury in soybean with any of the 2,4-D ester treatments at 56 DAE, except for the 2,4-D ester treatment applied at 7 DAP, which caused 1% visible injury at 1155 g ha -1 and 1.3% visible injury at 2310 g ha -1 . Soybean generally responded similarly to amitrole and 2,4-D ester when applied at 14 and 7 DPP; however, soybean was more tolerant to amitrole compared to 2,4-D ester when applied at 1 or 7 DAP.The application of amitrole and 2,4-D ester resulted in no biomass or yield reduction in soybean compared to the weed-free, untreated control at all doses and application timings evaluated. Soybean is tolerant to the preplant and pre-emergence application of amitrole or 2,4-D ester at the doses evaluated.

Herbicide tank mixtures to control co-existing glyphosate-resistant Canada fleabane and giant ragweed in soybean

“…However, for all herbicide tank mixtures, visual control tended to decrease over time. For example, at 8 WAT, control with tank mixtures containing amitrole and the three-way tank mixture of glyphosate + saflufenacil + 2,4-D ranged from 77% to 87% (Table 2), consistent with Sikkema and Soltani (2015).…”

“…In addition, control 4 WAT with the three-way tank mixtures of glyphosate + saflufenacil + 2,4-D and glyphosate + amitrole + 2,4-D was similar to the weed-free control. By 8 WAT, all tank mixtures (except glyphosate + saflufenacil) controlled GR giant ragweed to a similar level, ranging from 87% to 97% (Table 3), similar to Sikkema and Soltani (2015).…”

“…In a previous study, Soltani et al (2008) reported excellent crop safety with PP applications of amitrole and 2,4-D. Furthermore, Follings et al (2013a) found that PP applied glyphosate tank mixtures which included saflufenacil, amitrole, or 2,4-D caused no injury to soybean.…”

“…While amitrole is considered a niche product (Anonymous 2014), this herbicide has been shown to be safe to use at high rates as a PP burndown in soybean (Soltani et al 2008) and can control GR weeds (OMAFRA 2013;Anonymous 2014). For example, a tank mixture of glyphosate and amitrole has been highly effective in controlling both GR Canada fleabane (Byker et al 2013a) and GR giant ragweed (Follings et al 2013a).…”

Exploring the copper(II)–aminotriazole complex-binding sites of human serum albumin

“…It is also used with other pesticides as mixed formulations in agriculture [1,2]. Its low volatility and high solubility in water indicate possible leaching especially in sandy soils [3,4].…”